Once cellular DNA damage occurs, the DDR is activated to protect damaged DNA integrity. The cell cycle is paused to provide cells an opportunity to activate DNA repair mechanisms. When the DNA damage is severe, cell death programs are activated. Dashed arrows indicate altered mechanisms. Alteration...
A number of crystal structures have demonstrated that saposin proteins undergo open and close conformational changes in response to lipid binding (Supplementary Fig. 3)16–18. The four helices in ASM saposin domain were observed in an extended open conformation in which helices H1 and H2 run ...
As an example of multiple mutations, mutant line 21SW187 segregated for two independent traits, flesh color and root sys- tem architecture. The light red flesh mutant expressed a domi- nant monogenic pattern in the M2 generation, whereas no lateral root mutant exhibited recessive monogenic ...
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hydroxylases35,PbrSTONE(lignin-related stone cell formation;Pbr005042) gene was of particular interest. This gene showed no characterized functions from other organisms, and its encoded protein contained a conserve domain (DUF1223) with an unknown function....
Porcine coronavirus SADS-CoV has been identified from suckling piglets with severe diarrhea in southern China in 2017. The SADS-CoV genome shares ~95% identity to that of bat α-coronavirus HKU2, suggesting that SADS-CoV may have emerged from a natural r
A comprehensive understanding of DDR pathways has led to the discovery of “synthetic lethality”, which eradicates cancer cells by causing a second deleterious “hit” to a DNA repair mechanism that had been previously damaged. For example, treating BRCA−/− cancers with conventional chemotherap...
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH, EC:1.2.1.12) is an important enzyme in the glycolysis process. In the presence of inorganic phosphate (Pi), GAPDH catalyzes the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P) to 1,3-diphosphoglycerate (BPG), accompanying the reduction of NAD+...
Especially in calcareous soil, mugineic acid and other small-molecule organic acids secreted from maize roots could strongly chelate insoluble iron in the soil around crops in an intercropping system [17]. This has a crucial effect on iron nutrition absorption, especially in terms of improving the...
Very recently, we applied this approach to the KCTD (proteins containing a (K)Potassium Channel Tetramerization Domain) family [3]: a class of proteins involved in an uncountable number of key physio-pathological pathways [4,5,6,7,8]. Traditionally seen as proteins involved in neurological and...