The interarrival jitter (J) is defined as the mean deviation of the interarrival time (D) between the packet spacing at the receiver compared to the sender for a pair of packets, that is, D(i, j) = [R(j)– R(i)] – [S(j)– S(i)], where S(i) and R(i) are used to ...
These comparative estimators provide an assessment of the modelling accuracy with respect to the mean (RMSEp) and to the standard deviation (NSE) of the process. Their mathematical formulation can be expressed as:(3a)RMSEp=∑i=1N(Oi−Pi)2NO‾(3b)NSE=1−∑i=1N(Oi−Pi)2∑i=1N(Oi...
With alpha = 0.05 and 80% power, recruiting a sample of 77 per group would permit the detection of a clinically useful drop of 8 points on the paranoia scale compared to TAU assuming a standard deviation of 17.5 (based on feasibility data) [22]. This magnitude drop would be a 15%...
Any deviation in recording data outside of the protocol will be documented on the study records, together with the reason for their occurrence. Table 1 Schedule of events Full size table Outcome measures Baseline assessments Baseline assessments must be completed before randomisation. The schedule ...
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In infants with serious head injury, the high prevalence of non-accidental causes mandates a systematic and thorough approach to its investigation.(1,2) We aimed to study adherence to our hospital protocol and reviewed reasons for any deviation. Methods A multi-source search strategy identified ...
The proposed RCT with embedded economic and qualitative process evaluations aims to answer the following questions: 1. What are the effects on health-related quality of life of a domiciliary welfare rights advice service targeting independent-living, socio-economically disadvantaged older people (aged ...
Based on our pilot data, we assumed the true difference was equal to the difference found between treatment arms and used the pooled stan- dard deviation (within-group SD) to calculate the equiv- alence limits and power for an equivalence tests with 70 people in each group using PASS ...
Guidelines for the process of cross-cultural adaptation of self-report measures. Spine. 2000;25:3186–91. Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar Reichenheim M, Moraes CLM. Operationalizing the cross-cultural adaptation of epidemiological measurement instruments. Rev Saúde Pública. 2007;41:1–9. ...
Once the evaluation process is finished, these children could be excluded from the main analysis. Total sample size and power Power calculation was based on the total enrolment of children and adoles- cents (5th to 8th grades) indicated by the Chilean Ministry of Education (universe n = 951,...