Disordered extensions at the termini and short internal insertions distinguish eukaryotic ribosomal proteins (r-proteins) from their anucleated archaeal counterparts. Here, we report an NMR structure of such a eukaryotic-specific segment (ESS) in the r-protein eS26 in complex with the escortin Tsr2...
Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes and involves translation of the genetic information encoded in the mRNA. Within the ribosome, polypeptides are assembled from amino acid building blocks. tRNAs, which are charged with a specific amino acid, recognize the triplet codon sequence within the mRNA ...
The addition of functional groups, such as formation of a disulfide bond, acetyl residue, phosphate residue, lipids and sugar moiety, also occurs post-translationally, resulting in the active conformation of certain proteins. Moreover, the hydrophobic polypeptide chain (signal peptide), which is ...
Part 3 :Protein synthesis ■ Two strands of DNA: sense strand (coding strand) + antisense strand (template strand) ■ The genes are on the antisense strand ■ Transcription (occurs in the nucleus): 1、Double strands of DNA are unwound and unzipped and the antisense strand is used as the ...
To evaluate whether the translation impairment induced by mutant GARS expression is specific to larval motor and sensory neurons or also occurs in adult flies upon ubiquitous mutant GARS expression, expression of GARS transgenes was induced from the adult stage onwards using the GAL80 target system,...
Both sGC activity and β1 subunit levels decreased more rapidly in chromaffin cells exposed to NO than in cells exposed to the protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, suggesting that NO decreases β1 subunit stability. The presence of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG) inhibitors effectively ...
Polyphenols are more stable under acidic conditions and the oxidative degradation of them frequently occurs during gastrointestinal digestion due to the nearly neutral pH condition in the small intestine. However, most polyphenols are too polar to penetrate through the intestinal membrane (Grgić et al...
In contrast, treatment with T and DHT inhibits cell proliferation in human endometrial stromal cells regardless of whether the decidualization occurs or not [81,82,83]. It is currently unknown whether endogenous androgens regulate uterine cell proliferation in pregnant rats; however, chronic exposure ...
GVHD occurs when the host immune system is inhibited and donor T cells respond to host self-antigens, so it tends to develop after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation [52]. Galectin-1, generally considered an immunosuppressive molecule, was demonstrated to improve survival after ...
During the elongation phase, elongation factors (not depicted) are recruited to the ribosome and polypeptide chain synthesis occurs via the cycle of positioning the appropriate tRNA to the ribosome, forming the new peptide bond and shifting the ribosome complex by 1 codon on the mRNA chain...