The inner plate is in contact with the centromere (or centromeric DNA) and is marked by the specialized histone variant CENP-A (which substitutes histone H3 in this region) as well as additional auxiliary proteins. Adjacent to the inner plate is the outer plate, which consists primarily of ...
In zygonema, homologous pairing progresses, DSB repair begins, and synapsis is initiated with the formation of short lengths of the SC. Pachynema is marked by full and homologous synapsis with SC formed along the entire length of each homologous chromosome pair. Subsets of DSBs are repaired as...
In live cell imaging, Mei4-mCherry became visible in the nucleus from the early meiotic prophase, as indicated by changes in signal intensity in the nucleus (Figure 1 and Supplementary Figure S1C: time point 0, defined as t0). Entry into meiosis I is marked by SPB separation, which we ...
we have proposed that the XY body is by far the largest DNA damage focus in human cells.18,19Interestingly, there are two distinct patterns of localization of the DSB repair factors in the XY body. DSB response factors, such as γH2AX and MDC1,...
Sister chromatid cohesion mediated by the cohesin complex is essential for accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis and meiosis. Loading of cohesin onto chromosomes is dependent on another protein complex called kollerin, containing Nipbl/Scc2 and Mau2/Scc4. Nipbl is an evolutionarily conserved la...
It is essential for the formation of crossovers, which are required for the propersegregation of chromosomes into gametes. The assembly of the SC is likely to be regulated by post-translationalmodifications. The CSN/COP9 signalosome has been shown to act in many pathways, mainly via the ...
In the case of insects that undergo meroistic oogenesis, such as Drosophila, germ line transcriptional activity is ensured by the nurse cells—non-meiotic germ cells in cytoplasmic continuity with the oocyte6,7. Nurse cells sustain oocyte development via the synthesis and transport of maternal ...
blue rectangles outline regions containing PM germline stem cell and EM nuclei, respectively, which are enlarged inc. Scale bar, 10 µM. Meiotic nuclei but not PM nuclei display chromosomes marked by the HORMA domain protein HTP-3 (magenta). In the merged images, WAPL-1 (W) is shown...
A widely held view proposes that retinoic acid (RA) is the external signal that triggers meiotic entry through the upregulation of the Stimulated by retinoic acid 8 gene (Stra8). Stra8 is currently the sole known gatekeeper of the mitotic/meiotic switch in female and male vertebrates7,8. ...
In diplotene many smaller spherical bodies are visible, usually four larger bodies (examples marked with large pink arrowheads) and numerous smaller bodies (examples marked with small pink arrowheads). By diakinesis (D) (two cells are outlined by red and green dashes), there is no obvious ...