This report derives the covariance matrix associated with a nonlinear least squares problem f(x) = b where b is a vector of measurements and x is a vector of desired parameters. The linearized form of the equation is A(x)[x − x(0)] = b − b(0), where A = ∂f∂x and ...
This is typically done using a formula or equation specific to the type of experiment being performed.What are some common sources of error in a physics lab? Some common sources of error in a physics lab include limitations of measurement instruments, human error in taking measurements, ...
Error Propagation in Calculus Whythe formulas work requires an understanding ofcalculus, and particularlyderivatives; They are derived from theGaussian equationfornormally-distributederrors. If you have some error in your measurement (x), then the resulting error in thefunctionoutput (y) is based on...
A method for the uncertainty analysis of measurement of electromagnetic parameters by employing the flow chart of error transfer; 材料电磁参数测量误差传递流程图分析法 2. Base on the practical application of the air conditioner performance-testing bench,the flux measurement equation has been deduced;Th...
Sign up with one click: Facebook Twitter Google Share on Facebook PROP (redirected frompropagation) Dictionary Thesaurus Medical Encyclopedia Wikipedia Related to propagation:Plant propagation,Radio propagation AcronymDefinition PROPPropeller PROPProperty(theater and movie studios; real estate) ...
This is one form of an equation for a hyperbola, the graph of which shows the possible locations of S based on the two radio receivers. If both receivers and the source are taken to be in the same plane, the hyperbola is roughly V-shaped (Figure 8.2), with an axis of symmetry throug...
When non-linearity is significant, the determination of the combined standard uncertainty requires that at least third order terms are retained in the Taylor approximation of the measurement equation. Hence, if the input variables follow a multivariate normal distribution, approximate expressions exist for...
The binding energies have been calculated efficiently by means of the integrodifferential equation approach. Standard deviations of 0.04 and 0.09 MeV are obtained for E t and E α , which are expected to increase by a large factor once a similar analysis is performed on the 3 S 1 - 3 D ...
22.5. Plane wave with an x component travelling in the +z direction across a lossy medium of complex effective permittivity εri=ε′ri−jε″ri. [22.2]E(z)=E0e−γz In equation (22.2), γ is the complex propagation constant for the wave propagating through the material, and takes ...
An increasingly popular approach of modeling electromagnetic wave propagation in the troposphere is to use the slip-step Fourier transform (SSFT) numerical algorithm to solve a parabolic equation (PE). However, available SSFT does not provide perfect solutions by introducing accumulated split error (ASE...