labor productivity is frequently calculated as a ratio of GDP per total hours worked. So if a country’s GDP were $1 trillion and its people worked 20 billion hours to create that value, the country’s labor productivity would be $50 per hour. Laborproductivitygrowthis crucialto increased wa...
As an example, we are told “increasing business R&D raises the prospect of productivity benefits”, but there is little sign of any analysis of what it is that leads firms to choose (or not) to undertaken R&D spending (or spending now classified as R&D) in New Zealand. Much the same g...
The first, and computationally most convenient method is to assess what Baayen and Lieber (1991) call the global productivity of a word formation process in terms of the number of different types V and the probability of encountering new types, P = n 1/N, where n 1 denotes the number of...
The two indices were calculated as follows: $$ {CWM} = \sum\limits_{i = 1}^{n} {p_{ij} \times t_{ij} } $$ (1) where pij is the relative abundance of the species i in each 0.5 × 0.5 m2 quadrat j, and tijis the mean trait value of the species i in each succe...
According to Simpson's index of diversity, the calculated value of species richness was 0.92 and as to Shannon's diversity index, the relative abundance of species was found to be 2.206. Evenness of the mushrooms was also calculated as 0.333. The mushroom genera Termitomyces heimii, Astraeus ...
Data points are included from studies derivingGnetfrom the same site over different seasons (n = 26). The black line represents a significant linear regression and grey shading represents the 95% confidence interval. The percent change inGnetis calculated as the warmer temperatureGnetdivided by...
Using the resulting data, we calculated the carbon productivity as follows: $${CP}_{i,t}=\frac{{Revenue}_{i,t}}{{Emission}_{i,t}},$$ (1) where \({CP}_{i,t}\) is the carbon productivity of firm \(i\) in year \(t\), \({Revenue}_{i,t}\) is the annual sales ...
A multitube reactor, wherein tubes having smaller tolerance between a nominal size and actual sizes are used as reaction tubes to stably perform a high yield reaction for a long period, a catalyst is filled into the reaction tubes so tha... S Yada,H Hosaka,M Goriki,... - US 被引量:...
We also calculate the relative yield total (RYT)33, which is a measure of the relative productivity of plant mixtures compared to monocultures, and could be used to indicate overyielding, calculated as: $${{{\rm{RYT}}}={\Sigma }_{1}^{N}\frac{{{B}}}_{{{\rm{i}}}\_{{{\rm{mi...
The U.S. government focuses on labor productivity. Economic productivity is calculated as a ratio ofgross domestic product(GDP) to hours worked. Labor productivity is analyzed by sector to identify trends in job growth, wages, and technological advances. In the business world, productivity is a ...