Coalbed methane produced water is generally less saline than conventional oil and gas produced waters because it is often produced from shallower formations that may interact with fresh water aquifers. Lower salinity and production larger volumes increase the potential for beneficial use of this energy ...
The rapid development of unconventional oil and gas (O&G) extraction around the world produces a significant amount of wastewater that requires appropriate management and disposal. Produced water (PW) is primarily disposed of through saltwater disposal w
waters; domestic and industrial wastes) Standard method 2540B (Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and industrial wastewaters) Standard method 2540C (Drinking, surface, and saline waters; domestic and industrial wastewaters) Standard method 2540D (Drinking, surface, and saline waters; ...
Therefore, it becomes necessary to avoid direct "contact" between acidic mine waters and the bacteria, which is normally achieved by using "off-line" systems. The Biosulfide and Thiopaq processes are successful industrial applications for the treatment of mine impacted water, and employ offline ...