These findings indicated that the policy demonstrated positive effects in terms of price reductions and cost savings and accelerated the substitution of generics against branded drugs. The “patent cliff” for branded drugs has gradually emerged. Besides, a short-term “spillover effect” of the volu...
Abbreviations: NHI: National Health Insurance; NHIA: National Health Insurance Administration; DET: Drug Expenditure Target; MEA: Managed Entry Agreement. What portrayed in Fig. 1 shows the structure of the overall pharmaceutical NHI payment and actual transaction values between pharmaceutical suppliers ...
As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other ...
Firms from the following five countries were most successful in terms of highest total contract value, regardless of procurement method: Turkey (€ 1,078 million), Ukraine (€ 156 million), Bosnia and Herzegovina (€ 150 million), Kazakhstan (€ 113 million) and Italy (€ 105 million), in...
We can hypothesize that questions on specific behaviors such as purchasing foods at farmers’ markets and cultivating vegetables in the backyard, without reference to the terms “local foods,” may have provided less-biased estimates of the behavior of local food procurement. The construct validity ...
Abbreviations ACOT: = Advisory Committee on Organ Transplantations CMS: = Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services DHHS: = Department of Health and Human Services DMV: = Department of Motor Vehicle DSA: = Donation Service Area HRSA: = Health Resources and Services Administration OPO(s...
aspect to these programmes is the implementation of various pricing transparency approaches within their procurement systems. The following section will provide a review of these programmes, with a particular focus on the ways in which they vary in terms of intensity and scope of pricing transparency...
As such, use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation of the programs, including any operating system, integrated software, any programs installed on the hardware, and/or documentation, shall be subject to license terms and license restrictions applicable to the programs. No other ...
Some of China’s policies stipulate specific and operable terms for energy-saving and environmentally friendly products, such as the Opinions on Implementation on Government Procurement Energy-Saving Products [11]. The U.S. federal procurement agency has formulated the green procurement plan, which ...
This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Share and Cite MDPI and ACS Style Jo, S.-H.; Lee, E.-B.; Pyo, K.-Y. Integrating a Procurement ...