Friction charging of insulating and photoconductive insulating members is accomplished in the presence of an insulating liquid. In a preferred embodiment, the insulating liquid is a developer liquid and the friction charging step may simultaneously erase a previously developed image....
14、step-in occurs18Dynamic Response: 1st Order ProcessOther Typical 1st Order ProcessesE = Voltage, 电压z = Position,K= Spring constant弹性系数, f = friction coefficient摩擦系数19Dynamic Response: 1st Order ProcessOther Typical 1st Order ProcessesnAn Extra Example: the charging process of an RC...
f = Friction Coefficient M = Mass h = force * Dynamic Response Processes with Dead Time过程控制的延迟时间 The time delay between the input and output in a process 输入与输出的时间延迟 Being also called dead time or transport lag传输延迟 The Laplace transform of a time delay is an exponentia...
To input data to the OpenLCA software (version 1.9), it is necessary to model a mass balance of the operations that produce gray cast iron by adding niobium, both coming from scrap. The mass balance model in Fig.2encompasses the scope of the study, presenting the inputs and outputs of t...
This does not appear to be the case for LaAlO3:Mn4 +,Na+, as for this material, the integrated TL and afterglow intensity is constant within 20% for charging temperatures between 213 and 413 K. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the persistent emissions is continuously increasing ...
This paper presents the influence of topographical parameters such as antenna area, perimeter and aspect ratio, on charging during an ICP oxide deposition process. We show that an extended electron-shading occurs during the beginning of the deposition. Moreover, we present a new phenomenon of drast...
Regularity of scrap melting: variation in scrap quality, amount, and charging in converter can greatly influence the process “path.” This is may be one central factor causing scatter in converter run. Stable scrap practice would greatly improve controllability of the process. ...
Product users’ perceived risks and uncertainties adhere to the repair efficiency (i.e. if the repair will successfully resolve the issue), data theft (i.e. having private information stolen from the device), and the correct charging for the service (i.e. fair pricing) [27,35,36,81]. ...
Besides, the surface of the sleeve 1 is coated by a substance obtained by scattering a carbon black grain and a graphite grain in synthetic resin in order to properly electrostatically charge developer by friction. In such a case, the coating area 100 is restricted on the inside of the ...
and deflected by means of electromagnetic lenses, instead of mirrors. Pre-heating thefeedstockto temperatures around 0.5 to 0.6 of its melting temperature is required to avoid powder spreading originated from electrostatic charging (the so-called ‘powder pushed-away phenomenon’) (Murr et al., ...