Ever since, for 20 years, the time complexity status of the problem of finding this parameter remained open. Recently in 2016, Sopena et al. defined the relative oriented clique number ω r o ( G ) of an oriente
We answer this question in Section 5 and relate the complexity of SAT({R1/3≠≠≠}) to 1-in-3-SAT, and prove that SAT({R1/3≠≠≠}) is solvable in time O(2(c+ε)n) for all ε>0 if and only if 1-in-3-SAT is solvable in time O(2(2c+ε)n) for all ε>0. By 1...
Complexity analysis We analyze the complexities of the proposed algorithms. Algorithm 1 in the standard setting efficiently reduces an LWE problem to an LWE-like problem. Proposition 2 states the time complexity of the algorithm. Proposition 2 If the standard setting is used, Algorithm 1 can be ...
In this paper, we extend this line of work and obtain new complexity results based on restrictions on the function f. In particular, we show that when f(v) is restricted to be at least the problem can be solved in quasi-polynomial time in general and in randomized polynomial time if c...
Life presents us with problems of varying complexity. Yet, complexity is not accounted for in theories of human decision-making. Here we study instances of the knapsack problem, a discrete optimisation problem commonly encountered at all levels of cognition, from attention gating to intellectual disco...
Quiz sounds like something that can contain questions, because you can answer them. There can exist even algorithmic questions like “what’s the complexity of Dijkstra algorithm?” but problems request something like “write a code which solves this problem”. There is even a difference between ...
Pickering J, Betzold C, Skovgaard J (2017) Special issue: managing fragmentation and complexity in the emerging system of international climate finance. Int Environ Agree-Politics Law Econ 17(1):1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9349-2 Article Google Scholar Pickering J, Mitchell P...
Stearns, On the complexity of relational problems for finite state processes, in: International Colloquium on Automata Programming and Languages, ICALP, 1996, pp. 466–477; A. Rabinovich, Complexity of equivalence problems for concurrent systems of finite agents, Inform. and Comput. 127 (2) (...
Linear running time complexity with optimality gaps close to 1:对于MST和SSP问题,运行时间为O(m)在边数上是线性的。对于TSP和VRP,运行时间为O(n)在节点数上是线性的。 Generalization on graphs:从小的随机图推广到大的随机图,从一种类型的随机图推广到另一种类型的随机图,从随机图推广到现实世界图上都具有...
These augmentation problems are shown to be NP-complete in the restricted case of the graph being initially connected. Approximation algorithms with favorable time complexity are presented and shown to have constant worst-case performance ratios.