Many theories in the literature are used to deal with the ambiguity and uncertainty of many problems that arise in engineering, social science, economics, and other fields of science. However, because of the parametrization tool used, all of the theories have their intuitive limitations. Molodsto...
ZhangAlg fails due to poor learning of long expressions, while for LiuAlg, errors arise from generating invalid equations such as “(5/9) * N/N = (2/5)” during excessive reasoning steps. PROP, using a relation-flow method, decomposes the problem into three different scenes, forming ...
Because the ultimate goal is to successfully expose the dog to controlled levels of the stimuli while achieving calm and positive outcomes, it is necessary to determine what behaviors need to be trained to achieve desirable outcomes during exposure training. For example, if p...
As these former empires crumble, and their ally states are overrun by the oppressed peoples who have been held down so long, new opportunities for territorial expansion will arise for states that happen to be in the ascendancy at the time. On a more realistic level, it is likely that the ...
Difficulties mostlyarise from two aspects, mathematical characteristics, and linguistic structure.Mathematical characteristics of the word problem, such as number size, numberand complexity of required operations, and applicable strategies, increase prob-lem difficulties. While on the linguistic side, ...
Correctly engineered concurrent code must live by an extra set of rules when compared to its sequential counterpart. Reads and writes from memory and access to shared resources need to be regulated using synchronization so that conflicts do not arise. Additionally, it often becomes necessary for th...
Fig. 5. Data acquisition process in case study I. 4.2.3. Training process During the training process, the variation in loss is illustrated in Fig. 6. The observed reduction in loss throughout the training indicates a gradual enhancement of the model's performance, signifying its iterative imp...
Reads and writes from memory and access to shared resources need to be regulated using synchronization so that conflicts do not arise. Additionally, it often becomes necessary for threads to coordinate to get a certain job done. As a direct result of these additional requirem...
(e.g.,Ting-Toomey, 1988). In higher power distance cultural contexts, individuals are more prone to accepting the influence of others, and tend to react in a more compliant manner when conflicts arise (Tinsley, 1998). In lower power distance cultural contexts, in contrast, individuals are ...
Large Language Models like GPT-4 or LLaMA function through probabilistic word prediction based on learned patterns. These systems face issues of ambiguity, incompleteness, and bias, especially when knowledge or wisdom-based queries (ethical concerns, complex knowledge inference) arise. LLM Involvement in...