It focuses on topics in applied behavior analysis, behavior modification, behavior therapy, and psychology of learning. 聽 Two general topics shaped this text: making the book relative to a variety of fields by describing applications in psychology, education, counseling, nursing, and physical ...
Tonesare a special class of sound stimuli that evoke a strong sense of pitch. Physically, they comprise regularly spaced pressure waves that repeat at frequencies between approximately 30–4000 Hz [49]. All musical cultures and traditions use tones [50,51], making neural sensitivity totonality—d...
Acting upon target stimuli from the environment becomes faster when the targets are preceded by a warning (alerting) cue. Accordingly, alerting is often used to support action in safety-critical contexts (e.g., honking to alert others of a traffic situat
The phenomenon of subgrouping exposes a more nuanced answer to this question, whereby individuals can be partially assimilated into a group when they cohere with a subset of individuals in the group that remains a part of the superordinate group. Next, we will answer the how question in several...
A feedback system, which is sometimes called a ‘closed’ system, is influenced by its own past behavior. A feedback system has a closed loop structure that brings results from past action of the system back to control future action. One class of feedback system - negative feedback - seek...
Wide-scope modeling. Several established conceptual data modeling languages are used for a wide range of applications, with the ER model and UML class diagrams de facto standards for relational database design and software engineering, respectively. Extensions of these languages make them more expressiv...
For instance, for years, startups have applied the idea of “Uber for X and Y,” thus using theUber business modelanalogy to disrupt other verticals. In short, also via analogy, you can achieve greatbusinessoutcomes. As not always, first principles thinking is well suited. ...
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Our results strongly imply that places of employment (work groups) would benefit from the same CDPs as other kinds of groups and, as a class, tend to do a poorer job implementing them. Of course, these statements about average differences are compatible with the fact that some work groups ...
26 CD4+ T cells further promote B cell differentiation through additional ligand-receptor interactions (e.g., CD40L-CD40 and ICOS-ICOSL)25 and the secretion of cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-21) that direct class switching to various isotypes (immunoglobulin [Ig]M, IgG, IgA, and IgE)....