Primary productivity, the rate at which energy is converted to organic substances by photosynthetic producers, which obtain energy and nutrients by using sunlight, and chemosynthetic producers, which obtain chemical energy through oxidation. Nearly all o
C. The yield and isotopic composition of radiolytic H2, a potential energy source for the deep subsurface biosphere. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta 69, 893–903 (2005). Article ADS CAS Google Scholar Gold, T. & Held, M. Helium–nitrogen–methane systematics in natural gases of Texas and Kansas...
18. In addition, the productivity and energy flow pathways formed by phytoplankton with different particle sizes are also different. The smaller pico-phytoplankton mainly enter the complex microbial loop through ingestion by heterotrophic protists19, while the larger nano- and micro-phytoplankton...
Shrimp is then eaten by large marine animals, such as whales, for food.It is worth noting, however, that only 10 percent of energy is normally passed from one trophic level to the next during the energy transfer process. This explains why there normally are more primary consumers in an ...
The paper reviews its uses for reduction of thermal pollution as the process can frequently be applied to bypass the energy-intensive steps. The review suggests that the use of catalysis helps in bringing down the activation energy barrier and, therefore, many chemical processes can be accomplished...
Which trophic level is the starting point for energy entering the food web? a. Decomposers. b. Primary consumers. c. Primary producers. d. Secondary consumers. Which of the following trophic levels would contain the highest quantity of energy...
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[1] Some are even convinced that they are intent on destroying the biosphere. Kind of like they have waged endless wars as a means of promoting disaster capitalism. In this way they will use the profound and pervasive environmental destruction as an explanation for creating a whole new global...
Pups gain weight quickly and expend this energy during the post-weaning period25. Weaning marks the end of parental care and is a critical stage for offspring survival due to significant mass loss during the fasting phase20,25,28. On the other hand, sex has been reported as a source of ...
Exoplanet exploration has revealed that many—perhaps most—terrestrial exoplanets formed with substantial H2-rich envelopes, seemingly in contrast to solar system terrestrials, for which there is scant evidence of long-lived primary atmospheres. It is n