For the majority of nodes the difference in optimized orientation between must-run and curtailable strategies is small (less than a 3° change in median azimuth across all ISOs and years). However, for some outlying nodes with a high incidence of negative prices, allowing curtailment can ...
Forward premiums are the difference between spot and forward prices [19]. However, the effectiveness of this strategy for Belize depends on the country’s ability to anticipate precisely the amount of power required—because any excess is subject to real-time spot pricing, and shortfalls trigger ...
The authors explain the difference between the two studies as stemming from the sample period and the research methodology—the latter paper uses a VAR model in the investigation. Moving to the US market, an investigation of the link between returns of oil futures contracts and stock returns ...
Weights quantify the influential strength that a change in the input could have on the output and biases denote the difference between the generated output and the desired output, essentially quantifying the extent to which the network assumes that the output should have specific values. The ...
= Ftrad + 1 Ref Eη · Nhours i=1 Esell,i − Ebuy,i − Fcog + Faux (6) According to Equation (6), the energy saving is the difference between the fuel that would be consumed by a "separate production" process, Ftrad, and the fuel consumed by the cogeneration system (...
Model Building; (1) Influence Path Analysis of International Oil Price on Energy Consumption in China; (2) Structural Vector Autoregression Model Analysis of impulse impact between Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction in China between International Oil Price; 4. Conclusion. 2. Date Source and ...