achievement of some target outcome), positive or negative financial incentives directed at patients, or system-wide changes in reimbursement systems Risk-of-Bias Appraisal The Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) Group’s risk-of-bias tool was used to appraise included studies...
Randomized clinical trials included in the final analyses were scored using the risk-of-bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Collaboration, while the observational studies were evaluated using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale score (More details are provided in Additional file 1). Statistical analysis We ...
These trials were conducted in the 1950s and had a high risk of bias overall. We found no convincing evidence that relaxin (given by intravenous and intramuscular injection) can prevent preterm birth for women in preterm labour. Only one of the studies, involving 30 women (and at a high ...
For other outcomes (e.g. fractures), most studies were at high risk of detection bias. We downgraded the certainty of the evidence for high risk of bias, imprecision, and/or inconsistency. Home fall‐hazard reduction (14 studies, 5830 participants) These interventions aim to reduce falls ...
This limitation also adds bias on our results. In addition, of 14 included studies, 12 were conducted in China, which may play a certain impact on the reliability of the results. In addition, most included RCTs had a simple size of <100 participants, which may also impact the overall ...
These prescriptive indications, if confirmed in future research, may point the way to personalizing prevention strategies. Doing so, may maximize the efficiency with which they are applied and have the potential to target the mechanisms that appear to underlie these effects. This may help make this...
Conducting anti-harassment and subconscious bias training for employees, at all levels, using a legitimate resource person is essential to communicate expectations and answer crucial questions. Assure employees that the organization will take claims seriously and that investigations will not be "witch hunt...
Matching based on geography and the number of individuals undergoing PCR testing is used to control for any bias in infection rates due to geographical constraints and changes in infection rates. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) individuals with a positive SARS-CoV-2 PCR test result ...
A sensitivity analysis assessed whether there was evidence for bias in self-reported outcomes based on group assignment. In a prespecified multiple-imputation analysis, the rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza infection events were 204 of 2243 HCP seasons (9.1%) in the N95 respirator group and ...
Administration of certain DNA sequences, generally known as immunostimulatory sequences or “ISS,” induces an immune response with a Th1-type bias as indicated by secretion of Th1-associated cytokines. The Th1 subset of helper cells is responsible for classical cell-mediated functions such as delay...