Different writing conditions (timed test vs. classroom assignment) Different annotation standards Annotators: native or non-native, experts or crowdsourced Number of annotations per error – most have single annotation Different annotation schemes
This frequency effect is mirrored in a subsequent acceptability judgment test: Speakers prefer preposition stranding over pied-piping in relative clauses with prepositional verbs. Hoffmann considers stranding the less demanding variant in this particular context. In Radford et al.'s (2012) study, ...