It is important to highlight that the term code switching is also used for bi- and multidialectal speakers' switching between language varieties, such as African American English or World Englishes and so-called
According to Yule (1996), pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). “Pragmatics focuses more on how we achieve meaning in a particular context, by considering such factors as how, where and when so...
New York: Norton. Wierzbicka, Anna (1991) Cross-cultural Pragmatics. The Semantics of Human Interaction. Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter. Yule, George (1996) Pragmatics (Oxford Introductions to Language Study). Oxford University Press.
Yule and M. Rutter (eds.) Language Development and Disorders, London: Mac Keith Press Cummings, L. (2009) Clinical Pragmatics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Rapin, I. and D.A. Allen (1983) ‘Developmental language disorders: nosological considerations’ in U. Kirk (ed.) Neuro...
inferences as to what the speaker intends to identify .If th is inferenc ing c es8 it t ' di自fclIlt.commun ication will falter, and 蝴 to be co- ope rative。a spe ak er need s to an ticipate how muc h inf0l — mation the listener will need.As Yule f1996) points out: ...
Yule(1996)argued that pragmatics is the study of meaning communicated by a speaker(or writer)and interpreted by a listener(or reader). According to Levinson(2001),pragmatics is the study of the relations between language and context,grammaticalized,or encoded in the structure of a certain ...
•Yule(1996):Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowmoregetscommunicatedthanissaid.•Mey(1993/2001):Pragmaticsstudiestheuseoflanguageinhumancommunicationasdeterminedbytheconditionsofsociety.•Pragmaticsisusuallyconcernedwiththemeaningsthatsentenceshaveinparticularcontextsinwhichtheyareused.•Thereisacarcoming.•Seenoutof...
•Pragmaticsisthestudyofspeakermeaning.(Yule,1996.3)•Pragmaticsisatheorywhichseekstocharacterizehowspeakersusethesentencesofalanguagetoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.(Kempson,1975:84)•Pragmaticsisconcernedwithhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.Listeners •Pragmaticsisthestudyofhowmore...
(二)从听话人的角度研究语用学 -- 语用学研究人们“明白在交际中要说的”比“听到表面上说的”到底多了些什么 (Yule,1996:3); -- 语用学研究如何理解人们刻意表达的言语行为(Green,1996:2)。(三)从语境的角度研究语用学 -- 语用学是研究语境意义的学问 (Yule,1996:3); -- 语用学研究话语如何在...
257–306.Yule, G. 1996. Pragmatics. Oxford University Press.Chapter 4 Information structure4.0 Definitions and challengesThe term information structure refers to the internal organization of the constituents of an utterance with respect to a particular context. An English sentence such as ‘My ...