THERE can be little doubt that much time is lost by students and others who have occasion to make numerical calculations through unfamiliarity with the practical advantages of logarithms. In the present little book, however, by the consistent employment of the simplest arithmetical illustrations, the...
Brown remarks that the introduction of logarithms by John Napier (in 1614) is likely to have been instrumental in Kepler's discovery of the third law... Kepler discovered his first two laws in 1605 and published both in 1609: The first law is that orbits are ellipses of which the Sun ...
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Highly attenuated lasers are used as an approximate single-photon source in our implementation; for a better treatment of such an approximate single photon source, one can use the decoy state methods24,25,26. The main channel can be modeled as a cascaded channel, which consists of a binary ...
Table of Contents Preface ix Acknowledgements xi 1 Before Entering the Pharmacology Laboratory 1 1.1 Safety and Risk Assessment 1 1.2 The Laboratory Record Book 3 1.3 Use of Animals in Practical Pharmacology 4 1.4 Experimental Design 5 1.5 Units, Dilutions and Logarithms 7 1.5.1 Units of Mass ...
Old DOI 10.1109/MAHC.2015.38 EH - Good DOI 10.1109/MAHC.2015.17 EH - Although logarithms were discovered in 1614, and the slide rule was introduced soon thereafter, use of the instrument spread slowly. Late eighteenth and early nineteenth century publications allow us to trace the diffusion of ...
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To cope with this situation, some researchers choose to tap into the logarithms of concentration values and the analytical response (Fig. 3B), thus claiming linearity of the method over the extended concentration range. Using raw data or data after logarithmic transformation primarily depends on ...
We will in particular make use of the transformZ(θ) that maps\(\left|\pm \right\rangle\)to\(\left|{\pm }_{\theta }\right\rangle =\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}(\left|0\right\rangle \pm {{{\rm{e}}}^{{{\rm{i}}}\theta }\left|1\right\rangle )\). A quantum state can also be...
This relaxation stems from the soundness gap of most known efficient constructions for ZK-PoK for discrete logarithms in the non-UC case [40] (which are underlying the constructions for UC-ZK protocols): there, the verifier can only infer that the prover knows a witness w such that (y, w...