Consequently, the basic relationship for the delivered power Pd can be re-expressed as follows: (24.13)PD=πϱSVs3CTKQKTJη Hηr by writing the ship resistance R as ½SV2sCT. Equation (24.13) can be linearized by taking logarithms and differentiating the resulting equation to give dPDPD...
Impedance Resistance to the flow of current in a circuit element, measured as a ratio of voltage across the element and current through the element. Interference The interaction between two waves. The signal wave can interact with other waves that it meets on the way to its destination. A res...
Load regulation is normally specified as a percentage of deviation from nominal output at a fixed input voltage and is calculated using the following equation: Load regulation can also be specified as the absolute DC output reading within upper and lower voltage limit. 1.4 Combined Regulation Com...
If there were only constant DC flow in the PDN interconnects from the VRMs to the ICs, that would cause a constant voltage drop, called the IR Drop, between the VRM and the ICs: IR Drop = (Series resistance of the power and ground rails) X (Current in the rails) ……… (PI-1) ...
PDDEVICE TOTAL= PDRESISTIVE+ PDSWITCHING Because a MOSFET's power dissipation depends greatly on its on-resistance, RDS(ON), calculating RDS(ON)seems a good place to start. But a MOSFET's RDS(ON)depends on its junction temperature, TJ. In turn, TJdepends on both the power di...
as the power estimate is related to the stator resistance (Rs), and this appears clearly in the significant increase in power ripples and the value of THD of current in the durability test performed in scientific works33,34. To tackle these disadvantages, various strategies have been used in...
Positive colonies were selected by resistance to ampicillin, conferred by the gene encoding β-lactamase (bla(ApR)) present in the vector. Approximately 100 mL of Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with ampicillin (final concentration, 0.27 mM) was inoculated with one positive colony and...
The junction temperature can be estimated as follows: + )TJ TA PD RQJA Where: TA is the ambient or heatsink temperature RΘJA is the thermal resistance from the MOSFET chip to the ambient air or heatsink. 5.4 Catch Rectifier The catch rectifier conducts when the power switch turns off ...
The line losses associated with any transmission line in turn depend on the line resistance and the line current magnitude. As stated earlier, one of the main objectives of power flow studies is to compute the line currents, and as such, the line current values are not known at the beginnin...
This category of algorithms uses objective functions for the optimal distribution of active and reactive power of the WTs. The function must formulate the optimization objective by a mathematical equation that takes into account several parameters. Several recent studies have been carried out, and depen...