<p>Modern power grid has a fundamental role in the operation of smart cities. However, high impact low probability extreme events bring severe challenges to the security of urban power grid. With an increasing focus on these threats, the resilience of ur
A system is said to be in a contingency state if the load on the system exceeds to a certain limit or a sudden change in the load value occurs leading to an outage of a transmission line or a generator [2]. The stability of a system is dependent on the voltage profile of the power...
In Pakistan, the electricity outage ranges from 8–10 h in an urban area while up to 18 h in rural areas [1]. The reason behind these outages is the gap between demand and supply. The demand for electricity in the country is increasing with the increasing population and urbanization; ...