The definition of poverty given by United Nation Development Program (UNDP,1996) states that poverty is lack of productive resources, income and capacities which contribute to individual and/or group isolation, vulnerability, powerlessness, economic, political and social discrimination and participation in...
2. Energy poverty definition and main drivers 3. Energy poverty measurement methods 4. Energy poverty indicators 5. Effect of energy poverty on quality of life 6. Discussion and recommendations 7. Conclusions CRediT authorship contribution statement Declaration of competing interest Acknowledgement Data av...
3Although some researchers regard the role of wild rodents as vectors of hantavirus pulmonary syndrome transmission, here we will use the definition that wild rodents that are hosts to hantavirus act as reservoirs only. 4Although rodents can be considered vectors of the leptospirosis cycle, we ...
With this definition of Postt, we obtain the results compared to the benchmark estimates. The second set of results is based on extreme poverty rates as an alternative definition of poverty.14 Given that DID estimates are identified by comparing relative changes in regional poverty over time, ...
It is important to have in mind the conventions used to construct these figures and their limits, primarily related to the definition of income [8]. First, very often in household surveys, only cash receipts are included and/or they dominate, while in-kind receipts—payments to indi- vi...
More recently, however, the definition of poverty has been expanded to include other important factors not properly captured when defined in economic term. Not surprisingly, the UNDP (1997) sees poverty as a denial of choices and opportunities for living a tolerable life. Sen (1999) on the...
With some minor changes this is also the definition adopted by DFID. The IDS team also outlined a tentative framework to analyse sustainable rural livelihoods. It has three elements: Livelihood2 resources, Livelihood strategies, and Institutional processes and organizational structures. To understand the...
Rethinking poverty: Definition and measurement. International Social Science Journal, 54, 155–165. Weinger, S. (2000). Economic status: Middle class and poor children’s views. Children & Society, 14(2), 135–146. Whiteford, P. (1985). Family’s needs: Equivalence scales, poverty and ...
Include in the definition of “family unit” all related individuals who live at the same address and any coresident unrelated children cared for by the family, and any cohabitors and their children. • Use a sample based on the most recent 5 years of available data on equivalized expendit...
and the Caribbean(ECLAC) in its “Social Panorama of Latin America 2013“, published in December 2013. The ECLAC report found that Mexico is one of a very few countries where poverty levels rose between 2011 and 2012, from 36.3% of the population to 37.1%, according to its definition. ...