Furthermore, regarding the sensor spot experiments under oxygen-limited conditions where the DOT value ought to approach zero, the acquired signals were clearly above zero. This implies that the sensor spot is influenced by oxygen present in the headspace and not only by oxygen in the bulk ...
In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in using observational data for clinical decision-making and causal inference in oncology2. However, such studies are often unreliable, and many observational studies have been refuted by RCTs soon after2,4. For example, Yeh et al.5perfor...
The lower limit of the range of membrane potentials measured in PG cells was given as –60 mV (Kuffler and Potter, 1964); in the experiments described here on NG cells, a lower limit of –50 mV was chosen. Table II. Leech CNS Glial and Nerve Cell Resting Membrane Potential Em and ...
We stored all the extracts at 4 °C for future experiments. Potential in-vitro antibacterial activities of yellow rambutan fruit epicarp extracts Disc diffusion assay We consistently swabbed the seed culture of the tested pathogen on an agar plate. Then, we separately impregnated sterilized blank ...
scanning electron microscopy (SEM) are excellent tools to determine the degree of diagenesis on bone before undertaking14C dating or other stable carbon isotope analyses (e.g., D’Elia et al.2007; Hollund et al.2013; Lebon et al.2010; Snoeck et al.2014). More commonly, experiments to ...
Smartphone-based data are more representative of the overall population than conventional laboratory experiments [39, 40]. 85% of users in the local university subject pool are currently university students. In contrast, 73% of our participants are age 25 or older, and 42% report not having a...
Mean unsigned fitting errors on a test grid of configurations not included in the fitting process were 0.14, 0.12, and 0.65 cm−1for the H3, DH2, and MuH2isotopomers, respectively. This representation can be combined with any Born−Oppenheimer potential energy surface (PES) to yield Born...
Assumptions 1-4 are necessary for ˆβto be unbiased Assumption 5is required for the standard errors, p-values, and con,dence intervals to be correct Observational Studies vs. Experiments Assumptions for Matching 1 {Yi t,Yic}⊥Ti |X 2 {Ylt,Ylc}={YLt,YLc} (SUTVA or non-interferen...
Written informed consent was provided by each participant before the experiments. Experimental setup The participants sat in a quiet, dim room. A pen-tablet, with sufficient workspace to measure the subjects’ arm-reach movement (Wacom, Intuos 4 Extra Large; workspace: 488 × 305 mm), ...
These analyses can predict taxon interdependencies that should be further investigated through hypothesis-based research and experiments. We illustrate the utility of eDNA metabarcoding to create hypotheses that expand upon well-documented predator–prey interactions (e.g., baleen whales and krill in the...