The homeostatic goal of the adult is to remain in zero potassium balance. Thus, of the typical daily potassium intake of 1 mEq/kg body weight, approximately 90% to 95% is ultimately eliminated from the body in the urine; the residual 5% to 10% of the daily potassium load is lost thr...
The goal of potassium-sparing diuretics is to prevent this reabsorption of Na+ and subsequent loss of K+ in the late distal tubule or collecting duct of the nephron. ▪ The exchange of Na+ for K+ in the distal nephron is mediated by the actions of the epithelial Na+ channe...
Some antihypertensive drugs have smaller blood pressure effects (as monotherapy) in Black patients, and many antihypertensive drugs have additional approved indications and effects (e.g., on angina, heart failure, or diabetic kidney disease). These considerations may guide selection of therapy. Losartan...
withvarying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes orhyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. ...
20 Montagnani M, Golovchenko I, Kim I, Koh GY, Goalstone ML, Mundhekar AN, et al. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase enhances mitogenic actions of insulin in endothelial cells. J Biol Chem 2002; 277: 1794–9. 21 Vaziri ND, Wang XQ. cGMP-mediated negative-feedback regulation of...
Hypokalemia can be life threatening in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD), heart failure (HF) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), as low potassium is associated with lethal arrhythmias.6Therefore prompt intervention is crucial to correct hypokalemia and the goal is to prevent and...
withvarying absolute risk, so the absolute benefit is greater in patients who are at higher risk independent of their hypertension (for example, patients with diabetes orhyperlipidemia), and such patients would be expected to benefit from more aggressive treatment to a lower blood pressure goal. ...
wasformedtoexaminethecriticalroleofpotassiuminclinicalpractice.ThegoaloftheCouncilwastoassesstheroleofpotas-siumintermsofcurrentmedicalpracticeandfutureclinicalapplications.Theprimaryoutcomeofthemeetingwasthedevelopmentofguidelinesforpotassiumreplacementtherapy.TheseguidelinesrepresentaconsensusoftheCouncilmembersandare...
in the dose of administered K+-Cl−replacement based on the estimated GFR can potentially reduce the risk of hyperkalemia.494The goal is to raise the plasma K+to a safe range rapidly and then replace the remaining deficit at a slower rate, over days to weeks.255,256,490In the absence ...
As regenerative medicine matures, the ultimate goal in the nervous system will become not just neuronal replacement, but functional integration. Hence, these types of insights into the role that bioelectricity can play in this process stand to inform therapeutic efforts aimed at restoring the prec...