Virology Positive-sense single-stranded RNA virus interactions with the human host STANFORD UNIVERSITY Peter Sarnow DoukasTammyPicornaviruses are animal viruses that possess a genome consisting of a single positive strand of RNA. The RNA genome contains an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) that ...
Positive-sense single-stranded RNA (+ssRNA) viruses, the most abundant viruses of eukaryotes in nature, require the synthesis of negative-sense RNA (−RNA) using their genomic (positive-sense) RNA (+RNA) as a template for replication. Based on current evidence, viral proteins are translated ...
Positive single-stranded RNA viruses constitute a broad and prevalent group of pathogens that threaten human health and life worldwide. While effective vaccines have been developed for some, such as poliovirus and hepatitis A, others such as coxsackievirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus ...
Arenavirus genomes consist of linear, single-stranded RNA. There are two genome segments: L (5.7 kb) and S (2.8 kb). Both segments have an ambisense organization, as the previous genome. Orthomyxoviruses See the discussion of segmented genomes in the next section. Paramyxoviruses Members...
Eight virus families whose members infect vertebrates are currently known to possess single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genomes: the families Picornaviridae, Caliciviridae and Hepeviridae have non-enveloped capsids, whereas the families Flaviviridae, Togaviridae, Arteriviridae and Coronaviridae are character...
Picornavirales, a proposed order of positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a pseudo-T = 3 virion architecture. Arch Virol. 2008;153(4):715-27.Le Gall O, Christian P, Fauquet CM, King AM, Knowles NJ, et al. (2008) Picornavirales, a proposed order of positive-sense single-...
These viruses have single-stranded RNA genomes that have the same coding sense as host mRNAs and that thus function directly as templates for the translation of viral proteins (FIG. 1). One of the pro- teins that is expressed during infection is RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), which...
Casuarina virus (CASV, Alphamesonivirus 4) is an insect-specific virus belonging to theMesoniviridaefamily, orderNidovirales49. Mesoniviruses have a positive-sense single-stranded 20–21 kb RNA genome, with a comparable gene organization to the coronaviruses50, which also belong to the order...
2020). CoVs are large enveloped viruses with a positive large single-stranded RNA, ranging from 26 to 32 kb (Perlman and Netland 2009). Two βCoVs, namely SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, caused a severe epidemic respiratory syndrome in 2002 and 2012, respectively (Ahn et al. 2020), while ...
(+)RNA, positive-strand RNA, which is single-stranded RNA of the same polarity as viral mRNA; (-)RNA, negative-strand RNA, which is single-stranded RNA of anti-mRNA polarity; dsRNA, double-stranded RNA; SARS, severe acute respiratory syndrome. Negative-strand RNA virus A virus, the ...