1a). The WQL was built in 1986, with a current population size of 258. The EQL was constructed in 2003 and has 196 individuals by the end of 2020. Both the WQL and EQL populations are composed of descendants of wild individuals from their natural habitats in the Qinling Mountains, and ...
RNA virus populations are composed of highly diverse individuals that form a cloud of related sequences commonly referred to as a 'quasispecies'. This diversity arises as a consequence of low-fidelity genome replication. By contrast, DNA virus populations contain more uniform individuals with similar...
RNA virus populations are composed of highly diverse individuals that form a cloud of related sequences commonly referred to as a ‘quasispecies’1,2,3. This diversity arises as a consequence of low-fidelity genome replication4,5. By contrast, DNA virus populations contain more uniform individuals...
These results are congruent with those of Al-Ahmad et al. (2006a). Figure 5 Transgenic Mitigation Study: Productivity. Average vegetative dry weight and seed yield (2e +4 = 20,000 seeds, 1e + 5 = 100,000 seeds, etc.) of non-transgenic Brassica napus (BN), Brassica rapa (BR), ...
they exhibit excellent mechanical properties and stability due to their soft nature. Conductive polymers are composed of conjugated chain structures, which must be doped to reach a conductive state dominantly governed by a hopping transport mechanism61. Their usability depends on the stability of the ...
tionfromthesourceisstochastic.Geneticdifferentiationissmallwhenextinctionsarefrequent(becausemostofthesinkpopulationsarecomposedofrecentmigrantsfromthesource)orextremelyrare(becauseoftheincreasedeffectofmigrationamongsinks),beingmaximizedwhenthefrequencyofextinctionsisbetweenthesetwoextremes. 1996AcademicPress,Inc.INTRODUCTION...
’ While this topic has sparked considerable debate [63,64,65,66], it falls beyond the scope of this discussion. Nevertheless, multiple studies have shown that natural microbial communities are composed of genotypic clusters of closely related organisms [36,63]. These clusters can show cohesive ...
The two superpopulations U1 and U0 are composed of N = 57,600 equal size (area) spatial units arranged in a regular array with 240 rows and 240 columns. Edge effects is therefore not an issue in our study (Gregoire and Scott 2003). In an attempt to generate unit level autocorrelati...
(or binomial for infinite populations), then increasing population size can trigger “scale-induced” category convergence, in which a small number of categories are more likely to consistently reach critical mass34 and spread35,36 in large populations, resulting in replicable evolutionary trajectories ...
Cooperation in collective action dilemmas usually breaks down in the absence of additional incentive mechanisms. This tragedy can be escaped if cooperators have the possibility to invest in reward funds that are shared exclusively among cooperators (pros