人群归因分数(Population Attributable Fraction, PAF)是疾病负担研究中常用的指标,其大致含义是,假设人群的风险暴露降低至理想水平,预计可减少的患病人口数占实际患病人口数的比例。 The population attributable fraction (PAF), which represents the proportion of risk that would be reduced in a given year if the...
Combining it with the sample proportion, we obtain the confidence interval. > pbar + c(−E, E) [1] 0.43621 0.56379 Answer At 95% confidence level, between 43.6% and 56.3% of the university students are female, and the margin of error is 6.4%. ...
Sample Proportion Sampling Distribution of p ˆ 1. Provided n is “sufficiently large”, the sampling distribution is normal, generally 2. The mean of the sampling distribution is p = true population proportion 3. Standard deviation of the sampling distribution or the standard error of...
teaching statisticsSummary Employing a Wald confidence interval to test hypotheses about population proportions could lead to an increase in Type I or Type II errors unless the hypothesized value, p 0, is used in computing its standard error rather than the sample proportion.doi:10.1111/test.12184...
As a result, financial literacy can promote household participation in risky assets and the proportion of risky financial assets in household financial assets [4,24]. In addition, many scholars have also studied the relationship between financial literacy and household financial asset diversification. ...
Individuals used as sources in a particular set are indicated with black crosses and coloured bars with 100% ancestry proportion. Black lines indicate 1 standard error for the respective ancestry component. Extended Data Fig. 7 Ancestry modelling for genetic clusters east of the Urals. Supervised ...
The margin of error is the difference between the point estimate and the lower and upper bounds.The margin of error (E) for a proportion is calculated with a critical z-value and the standard error:E=Zα/2⋅p^(1−p^)nThe critical z-value Zα/2 is calculated from the standard ...
standard deviation equal to the standard error of the site-level trend. The GLMMs were then fitted over each of the 1000 datasets separately. We present the results of a final model carried out on the original site-level estimates, as well as the proportion of times each fixed effect ...
X−squared = 0.8, df = 1, p−value = 0.3711 alternative hypothesis: true p is not equal to 0.5 95 percent confidence interval: 0.38658 0.78119 sample estimates: p 0.6 ‹ Upper Tail Test of Population ProportionupType II Error ›...
2), these EUW also presented a high proportion of the ancestry of EUD. Therefore, we inferred that the gene flow from EUD to EUW led to an indirect introgression from Chinese pigs to EUW. When K = 2, three Chinese breeds (Kele, Min and Sutai) showed high percentages of European ...