We thank the anthropologist of the Centro Cultural de San Andrés of the Banco de la República for information on the history of San Andrés and the present-day population and socio-economic situation of the island. Fieldwork on the island was done during a detachment to the CNRS in 2017–...
Origin of spoligotypes The spoligotypes were either obtained at the Pasteur Institute of Guadeloupe using the 43-spacers format and home-made membranes [84,85], received from co-investigators and collaborating laboratories, or retrieved from local molecular epidemiological studies or diversity-driven ...