Dense sampling was also obtained from Ukraine, western Russia and the trans-Ural region, spanning the Early Mesolithic through to the Neolithic, up to around 5,000 bp. Fig. 1: Sample overview and broad-scale genetic structure. a,b, Geographical (a) and temporal (b) distribution of the ...
Although both standard deviations measure variability, there are differences between a population and asample standard deviation. The first has to do with the distinction betweenstatistics and parameters. The population standard deviation is a parameter, which is a fixed value calculated from every indiv...
To evaluate the out-of-sample predictive capacity of the models, we used two different approaches. First, we randomly selected 10% of the ground-level sites as test sites to validate the model performance. Second, we conducted nested 5-fold cross-validation to obtain spatial and temporal out-...
This deviated from GATK’s best practices and was chosen because that function allows the user to specify the ploidy of the sample. Genotypes from both modern and ancient samples were jointly called using GenotypeGVCFs using the following settings: -G StandardAnnotation; -ploidy 1; -new-qual. ...
DNA sample collection Tissue or blood samples of 15 Forest Musk Deer individuals were collected from one wild population and two ex-situ populations. Specifically, five skin tissue samples were collected from the wild individuals captured in the west of Sichuan (WSC), five blood samples from the...
Despite a higher gene density on zebra finch microchromosomes [30], there was no evidence to suggest that the density of contigs mapping to microchromosomes (Tgu-13-28 and Tgu1B)-and macrochromosomes (Tgu-1-5 and Tgu1A) differed (t = 0.84, p = 0.41, two sample t-test with unequal...
Our sample, however, compared with the survey results of23 in 2011, and revealed an increasingly favourable age structure for the population in Bukit Tigapuluh, with an almost larger number of adults than other age classes. The adult sex ratio (ASR) of a population is a critical parameter ...
Sample selectivity bias The rural migrant women did not have random access to the public health services, relying on their self-selection of public health service needs to some extent. Therefore, the heterogeneity within this group would result in a large selective bias in the benchmark model est...
At the close of the LGM stadial, the earliest northern East Asian appeared in the Amur region, and this population is basal to ancient northern East Asians. Human populations in the Amur region have maintained genetic continuity from 14 ka, and these early inhabitants represent the closest East...
(Permit Number: NIAS2015–775). Each sequenced sample was prepared according to the Illumina protocols (TruSeq DNA Sample Prep Kit v2 Support (FC121–2001)). Briefly, one microgram of genomic DNA was fragmented by Covaris, the fragmented DNA is repaired, and an ‘A’ is ligated to the 3...