For example, the functionality of the ethylene monomer is 2, but during the polymerization reaction, it can form linear as well as branched polymer chains. The combination of monomer units with functionalities 2 and 3 can produce a branched polymer. This may even result in the formation of a...
C–H/C–I direct arylation reactions for monomer synthesis and C–H/C–Br direct arylation polycondensation were investigated for the short-step synthesis of promising medium-bandgap polymers (PBDB-T) for OPV applications. Polycondensation and end-capping reactions using direct arylation have been est...
Terminal radicals are required for ending the reaction. There are three steps in this type of polymerization: initiation, propagation, and termination. During initiation, the monomer acquires an active site to become a free radical. The addition of initiators or other approaches such as absorption ...
We recall the main results of two different theories for temperature (T) and monomer concentration (C) dependence of flexible polymer solutions, namely, the Edwards–Flory–Huggins theory and the critical theory where an analogy with critical phenomena is used. These results are then compared to ...
2b). Prior to relaxing the polymer, monomer molecules are introduced into the simulation box to create a cross-linked polymer (Fig. 2c). To do so, a distance criterion based on the calculation of the pair correlation function from a monomer bath is performed to allow for the creation or ...
By allowing the monomer density ρ to depart from unity one has made a first (albeit naive) step to include the role of the water. In previous analytical studies, we considered only the (fully compact) case ρ=1, and found a first order freezing transition towards a crystalline ground ...
The diagrams contain a eutectic point that corresponds to the situation when the crystallization of TeCB out of its solution in a polyolefin is accompanied by the crystallization of monomer units of the macromolecules. As a result, the polymer acquires a gel structure with crystallites as ...
Fig. 1.Schematic representation of the main methods to synthesize SIPN/IPN. M: monomer; C: crosslinker; P: polymer. In the last years, the number of research referring to IPN and SIPN systems has considerably increased, especially with a focus on biological applications [18–21]. In this...
For instance, the polymer chains with a low grafting density form a “mushroom” conformation when monomer–solvent interactions prevail over monomer–substrate interactions, whereas strong interactions with the surface and a “bad solvent” condition can promote a flat “pancake” conformation. On the...
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To produce an oligomer suitably useful as a raw material for a high-quality conductive polymer having excellent uniformity and conductivity and to provide a method for producing an oligomer, with which a formed oligomer and an unreacted monomer are separated and recovered.收藏...