Learn what political patronage has looked like in the U.S. Also, learn about the important role that patronage has had in U.S. history and what led...
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Keywords: bureaucracy; political institutions; insulation; patronage; competence; rent extraction 1 Introduction The question of what determines effective government is central to development economics and political economy. Some progress has been made in the study of certain political institutions but there...
The definition of a social tie as friendship, love, patronage, or conflict prescribes the kinds of interaction compatible with this definition, and thereby makes for their recognizable difference. To observe social rela- tionships empirically therefore requires, first, identifying multiple kinds of ...
Allegedly, the ringleader of the faculty rejection of Ms. Wagner’s application was a law clerk for Harry Blackmun the yearRoe v. Wadewas decided, and the only negative feedback Wagner received during her several interview processes was about her political activism; on the basis of the recital...
The political Right objected to redevelopment mainly because of the use of eminent domain for private purposes. The Left objected because it would end the purported supposedly reduce low-income housing, and along with it, political patronage jobs. ...
After his return to Spain from the Netherlands in 1559, Philip never again left theIberian Peninsula. FromMadridhe ruled his empire through his personal control of official appointments and all forms of patronage. Philip’s subjects outsideCastile, thus, never saw him, and they gradually turned ...
including EIJ memberAyman al-Zawahiri. A network to organize the foreign fighters was formed through the patronage andcharismaof the wealthyOsama bin Ladenand was calledal-Qaeda(Arabic:al-Qāʿidah, “the Base”); Zawahiri would become a key leader of the organization, especially after bin ...
It wasn't until President James Garfield's assassination in 1881 that steps were finally taken to reign in this kind of political patronage. A mentally unstable man named Charles Guiteau had volunteered on Garfield's campaign, as many thousands of people do every election cycle. But Guiteau th...