To begin, clientelism should be discussed in terms of broadening and, therefore, becoming the main grounds for political patronage. Both clientelism and patronage are the concepts that are used to explain buying votes and mobilizing people as a practical political tool. The concepts are mostly used...
Meanwhile, both business owners and sex workers in the Vila Mimosa seem to rely almost entirely on the politics of personal patronage and legal maneuvers for survival. The essentiality of sex work, at least in rhetoric of AMOCAVIM, is that it is a means of survival and for women to suppor...
and that any profits derived from patronage of Trump’s properties by foreign governments would be donated to theU.S. Treasury—an arrangement that failed to satisfy some specialists in government ethics. In late January a publicinterest group, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington (...
including EIJ memberAyman al-Zawahiri. A network to organize the foreign fighters was formed through the patronage andcharismaof the wealthyOsama bin Ladenand was calledal-Qaeda(Arabic:al-Qāʿidah, “the Base”); Zawahiri would become a key leader of the organization, especially after bin ...