This paper examines the strength of political parties in Tanzania Mainland focusing on the local government councilors by-elections of 2004. The first part provides an introduction, which explains the two types of strengths; that is, the number of voters supporting the party and the number of ...
TANZANIA: POLITICAL PARTIES BATTLE FOR INTERNAL DEMOCRACYLawrence Kilimwiko
Political parties may be principally defined by their common aim. They seek political power either singly or in co-operation with other political parties. As Joseph Schumpeter has observed: ‘The first and foremost aim of each political party is to prevail over the others in order to get into ...
Pratt, C.,The Critical Phase in Tanzania, 1945–68. Nyerere and the Emergence of a Socialist Strategy(Cambridge University Press, 1976). Google Scholar Randall, V. (ed.),Political Parties in the Third World(London: Sage, 1988), which contains chapters on Ghana by R. Pinkney and on Zambia...
We present our analysis using the main categories in the framework: transnational influence, actor power, ideas, political contexts, and issue characteristics. 4. Results In this section, we first discuss briefly how ECE has evolved in Ethiopia, Liberia, the Punjab, and Tanzania, with a focus ...
Manmohan Singh was an about-to-retire bureaucrat who in September 1990 was not physically present in India, having been working for Julius Nyerere of Tanzania for several years. On 18 September 1990, upon recommendation of Siddhartha Shankar Ray, Rajiv Gandhi met me at 10 Janpath, where I ...
Since the end of the genocide, power is horizontally concentrated in Rwanda because the political opposition is virtually inexistent for two main reasons. First, from 1994 onwards, the RPF has made sure to give a minimum representation in government to other legally-recognised political parties. Thi...
Nepal has gone through several coalition governments with differing political ideologies on the healthcare system. In several instances, the prime minister and the health minister were from different political parties. But surprisingly, there was no ideological difference between political parties regarding...
in 2020. Most centrally, theIUCN’s quadrennialWorld Conservation Congress, slated for June in France, was intended to feed into the 15thConference of the Parties to theConvention of Biological Diversityto be held in October in China, during which theglobal biodiversity targetsfor the next decade...
Fiscal policy — the way taxes and expenditures are allocated across society — reflects the political equilibrium within a given society.1 This equilibrium is determined by multiple factors, such as the preferences of citizens for redistribution (that i