These organisms include enteric Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter spp.) and fungi. Recent studies have evaluated the normal lung immune response to infection and have shown that it is generally ‘compartmentalized’, and thus most ...
We have chosen to include HCAP in the discussion of CAP because these are the patients who develop severe illness and are at risk for infection with enteric gram-negative bacteria and MRSA. However, patients admitted from a nursing home still may have infections caused by atypical pathogens and...
Arancibia F, Bauer TT, Ewig S et al (2002) Community-acquired pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa: incidence, risk, and prognosis. Arch Intern Med 162:1849 Article Google Scholar Cilloniz C, Ewig S, Polverino E, Marcos MA, Esquinas C, Gabarrus A, Mensa J...
The risk of developing aspiration pneumonia and the severity of lung injury are directly related to the volume of aspirated material. [39][40] Etiology Pathogens [18][38] Gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria predominate in community-acquired infections (e.g., S. pneumonia, S. aur...
This is pneumonia caused by bacteria such as E. coli, Klebsiella or Pseudomonas. (They're called gram-negative because of how they respond to a chemical staining process in the lab.) This type of pneumonia is more common in health care facilities than in the community. ...
Pneumonia is usually caused by infection with viruses or bacteria and less commonly by other microorganisms, certain medications and conditions such as autoimmune diseases.Risk factors include other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, COPD, and asthma, diabetes, heart failure, a history of smoking...
Community-acquired pneumonia due to gram-negative bacteria and pseudomonas aeruginosa: incidence, risk, and prognosis. Arch Intern Med. 2002;162:1849–1858. Google Scholar Cillóniz C, Ewig S, Ferrer M, et al. Community-acquired polymicrobial pneumonia in the intensive care unit: aetiology and ...
Due to the relative immaturity of their immune system they are particularly sensitive to encapsulated bacteria and to Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella and Serratia. Group B Streptococcus is carried as a vaginal commensal by up to 50% of women so is a common neonatal ...
Identification of the organism responsible is even more difficult than in patients with community-acquired pneumonia owing to the high incidence of oropharyngeal colonisation by Gram-negative bacteria. Blood cultures are positive in only about 6% of cases of nosocomial pneumonia. Ventilator-associated ...
Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) has emerged as an important and intractable clinical problem. This review assessed the efficacy and safety of colistin for treatment of MDR GNB VAP. PubMed and Embase were searched for controlled...