The swine flu vaccine is prepared either as a shot or as a nasal spray. As a shot, the swine flu vaccine is a "killed virus" vaccine. As a nasal spray, the H1N1 virus vaccine is a "live virus" vaccine that has been weakened (attenuated). In each case, the swine flu vaccine works...
(2022). Use of 15-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 20-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine among U.S. adults: Updated recommendations of the advisory committee on immunization practices - United States, 2022. MMWR Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 71(4), 109–117. https://doi.org...
aEnhancement of Astragalus polysaccharide on the immune responses in pigs inoculated with foot-and-mouth disease virus vaccine. 距骨多聚糖的改进在免疫反应在猪接种与口蹄疫病毒疫苗。[translate] apls lnsert smc pls lnsert smc[translate] apre-treated 预处理[translate] ...
among the elderly 65 years and older and among persons with underlying medical conditions. However, recent data from the US suggest that the incidence of pneumococcal disease is decreasing as a result of widespread use of protein-conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in children since its licensure in ...
to assess pneumococcal carriage via quantitative PCR of the lytA gene, (2) to investigate changes in the nasal bacterial core microbiota composition using oligotyping, and (3) to compare the dissimilarity and stability of the bacterial core microbiota between the PCV7 and the PCV13 vaccine era. ...
Thereby, IFN-γ plays a pivotal role in driving severe disease during primary IAV infection in the elderly as well as bacterial outgrowth during coinfections. Ultimately, such full understanding of the downstream effects of the altered inflammatory response in bacterial coinfection following IAV will ...
vaccine herd effects. However, we failed to find any substantial evidence for the circulation ofS. pneumoniaestrains in carriage being independent from the reservoir in children, or for the reservoir in non-elderly adults being a source of serotypes contributing to serotype replacement. Nevertheless,...
infectious death in the elderly [3,4]. Although the incidence of disease that develops in carriers is generally low, the vast numbers of colonised individuals makeS. pneumoniaea major burden with significant socio-economic costs. For all these reasons, efforts to create a viable vaccine againstS...
The proposal to use the 23-valent vaccine given as a single administration to healthy individuals aged ≥65 years was considered acceptable by HCPs. This is considered to be a conservative step to achieve broad coverage of elderly people and the best protection at the least cost to the health...
The results of Section 3.2 and Section 3.3 indicate that the total rate of pneumococcal vaccination across a lifetime is correlated with decreased COVID-19 case and death rates (Figure 1); that influenza vaccination among the elderly may improve pneumococcal vaccine protection against COVID-19 acqu...