the swine flu vaccine is a "killed virus" vaccine. As a nasal spray, the H1N1 virus vaccine is a "live virus" vaccine that has been weakened (attenuated). In each case, the swine flu vaccine works by exposing patients to a small dose of the virus, which helps the body develop its...
The human metapneumovirus (hMPV) fusion (F) protein is essential for viral entry and is a key target of neutralizing antibodies and vaccine development. The prefusion conformation is thought to be the optimal vaccine antigen, but previously described prefusion F proteins expressed poorly and were ...
The development, clinical evaluation, and postlicensure impact of the pneumococcal CRM197 protein conjugate vaccine, PCV13, (Prevnar 13®) builds upon the excellent safety and substantial effectiveness of PCV7 (Prevnar®) in preventing pneumococcal disease in children. PCV13 adds pneumococcal sero...
African meningitis belt pneumococcal disease epidemiology indicates a need for an effective serotype 1 containing vaccine, including for older children and adults. BMC Infect Dis. BioMed Central. 2010;10:22. Article Google Scholar Brouwer MC, van de Beek D. Epidemiology of community-acquired ...
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is one of the leading causative agents of respiratory disease in humans, with no treatment or vaccine available yet. The use of primary epithelial cultures that recapitulate the tissue morphology and biochemistry of the human airways could aid in defining more relevant...
In addition, immunization of nonhuman primates with a Pneumocystis recombinant KEX1 peptide protective vaccine induces an initial transient decline in the frequency of CD4+ Th1 cells and a concomitant increase in the frequency of CD4+ Th2 cells [80]. The CD8+ T cells seem to play also an imp...
Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis represent severe and dose-limiting side effects in the radiotherapy of thorax-associated neoplasms leading to decreased quality of life or - as a consequence of treatment with suboptimal radiation doses - to fatal outcomes by local recurrence or metastatic dise...
A live attenuated human metapneumovirus vaccine strain provides complete protection against homologous viral infection and cross-protection against heterologous viral infection in BALB/c mice. Clin Vaccin Immunol. 2013;20(8):1246–54. CAS Google Scholar Levy C, Aerts L, Hamelin ME, Granier C, ...
(<5%) in theamino acid sequenceof the S1 protein in circulating viruses may have significant effects onvaccine effectivenessand cross-protection. In general, different serotyped of IBV do not cross-protect. The continuous emergence of new genotypes and the lack of cross-protection between most of...
This vaccine suspension was made by mixing concentrated, inactivated virus with alum adjuvant and was delivered by the intramuscular (IM) route. This inoculation did not protect against infection or disease, but rather during subsequent natural infection vaccinees experienced more frequent and severe ...