Pleural effusion is the abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural cavity between the lining of the lungs and the thoracic cavity (i.e., the visceral and parietal pleurae). Normally, a small amo...
Reference ValuesAdolescentAdultMiddle AgedFemaleMaleBecause of the technical difficulties in obtaining a-traumatical access to the normal pleural space, the exact volume and cellular content of normal pleural fluid in humans were still unknown until very recently, and animal-derived extrapolation data ...
Methods Studies limited to English language were identified by searching PubMed and supplemented by a manual search of the references of the papers retrieved. A preliminary search with the keyword “malignant pleural effusion/malignant pleural fluid” in all fields gives more than 8000 or 5000 result...
Under normal circumstances, approximately 0.1 to 0.2 mL/kg body weight of pleural fluid resides in the pleural space [1]. Abnormal accumulation of pleural fluid is the most common clinical manifestation of pleural disease [2], typically caused by increased pulmonary capillary pressure, increased pleu...
From the process of computation, they are worked out, and their numerical values are presented in graphical form. This system can be completed with the help of symbolizing the perturbation parameter used in the (𝜖ϵ is much lesser than 1) velocity, pressure and temperature given below: ...
Learn about pleural mesothelioma, a type of cancer caused by asbestos exposure. Discover symptoms, diagnosis, treatment options, and support resources.
Where no values were given, it indicates that they were either not detectable or out of the range in the bioplex ELISA assay. "a" indicates the value significantly differs (P < 0.05) from that of the value measured at the time of treatment began; "b" indicates that the value ...
ACTB showed robust and stable expression in MPM and hence was processed for normal- isation purposes and as reference gene. Ct-values of MDM2 and P14/ARF were normalised to the mean values of ACTB. Data analysis and qPCR were performed on a Roche LightCycler 480 II (Roche, Basel, ...
They mediate the cell communication, and can be found in a large spectra of body fluids, such as blood, seminal fluid, urine, saliva, breast milk, ascitic fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage, malignant effusions, cerebrospinal fluid and amniotic fluid [88,93,94]. The intravesicu...
2.3. Statistical analysis Patient characteristics were summarised using descriptive statistics, stratified by pleural infection. Means with 95% confidence intervals (CI), and medians with inter-quartile ranges (IQR) were calculated for normal and non-normally distributed continuous data. Categorical and ...