And, of course, once that happens, catalytic converter manufacturers just substitute one for the other again. We can see this happening through the years reflected in the platinum/palladium price ratio. Platinum and palladium have traded places as world’s most expensive precious metal over the pa...
Automotive catalytic converters, as illustrated in Fig. 5, frequently utilize platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), and rhodium (Rh) as PGM catalysts (Table 2). Download: Download high-res image (173KB) Download: Download full-size image Fig. 5. A used 1995 Toyota Mark II catalytic converter wi...
Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Platinum is used in the glass industry[7] to manipulate molten glass which does not "wet" platinum. As a heavy metal, it leads to ...
To clarify the role of atomicity in the ORR activity of Ptn, we further estimated the atomicity-specific catalytic activity based on the normalized current per Pt atom. It is worth noting that the atomicity-specific catalytic activities of Ptn for the ORR vary significantly with atomicity (Fig....
and 83% of the Rh produced globally are used in the automobile industry for catalytic converters5. The calculated energy requirements for refining Rh (683,000 MJ/kg), Pt (243,000 MJ/kg), and Pd (72,700 MJ/kg) are much larger than that for steel, which requires <35 MJ/kg4. Thus...