Plasmids may be lost from bacterial hosts that are cultured without selection for plasmid-retention unless the plasmid encodes an active partition function to insure distribution to each progeny at cell division. This is particularly true for certain chimeric plasmids that incorporate foreign genes into...
Twenty-seven genes were present in both BAP2 over- and under-represented groups, indicative of gene families that are likely core to ST58 but have alternative sequences in BAP2 compared to the remainder of the phylogeny (Supplementary Data3). Most of these paralogous genes were involved in m...
In addition, plasmids can carry genes from more than one replication machinery, leading to assignment to multiple replicon types, further reducing interpretability7,8. MOB-typing schemes generate fewer multiple assignments and can cover a potentially wider taxonomic range; however, they are not ...
Large bacterial plasmid constructs (generally 25-100 kb, but can be greater), such as those engineered with DNA encoding specific functions such as protein secretion or specialized metabolism, can carry antibiotic resistance genes and/or conjugation systems that typically must be removed before use in...
To address this, we analyzed the phylogeny of the most well represented gene families, parA/pgp5 and pgp7/8, both of which have predicted functions typically associated with extrachromosomal elements (Figure 2B). Homologs of parA/pgp5 are found on all chlamydial plasmids and all chromosomes (...
Typically, only part of the plasmid—the gene insert—is sequenced. DNASU also stores materials used to solve a particular protein structure generated by the Protein Structure Initiative (PSI), and those plasmids are sequenced in full so that they will be verified, she says. Seiler says ...
genes, because they are otherwise extremely similar. The cp9 PFam32 proteins are 20–25% different in amino acid sequence from their nearest relatives, the cp32–1 PFam32 proteins. TheB. mayoniiisolates both carry a cp32–1 plasmid in addition to such a cp9, so this level of difference ...
This suggests in turn that other genes, such as specific epiphytic fitness determinants critical for in planta growth in these pathogens, are maintained as indispensible in chromosomal locations freeing the plasmids to carry genes that, though still dis- pensible overall to the host bacterium, ...
short homologies21,22,34. The fitness burden of a plasmid on a host cell typically increases with the number of antibiotic resistance genes it carries35. The mechanisms underlying how IncQ plasmids are able to acquire and maintain these and other accessory genes are still not completely ...
Horizontal gene transfer can trigger rapid shifts in bacterial evolution. Driven by a variety of mobile genetic elements—in particular bacteriophages and plasmids—the ability to share genes within and across species underpins the exceptional adaptabili