Durable antibody immunity depends on long-lived plasma cells (LLPCs) that primarily reside in the bone marrow (BM). However, due to LLPC rarity, it has not been possible to define their phenotypes or determine
Importantly, B cells can present cognate tumour-derived antigens to T cells, with the functional consequences of such interactions being shaped by the B cell phenotype. Furthermore, the isotype and specificity of the antibodies produced by plasma cells can drive distinct immune responses. Here we ...
Antibodies are protein molecules that are considered the final line of defense against a foreign body or antigen. IgG is one of the serum antibodies developed in the human body by plasma B cells and is the most abundant antibody found in the circulation. IgG is been used as a treatment of...
This variability does not vanish when normalized by initial or average antibody levels (Figure 1A), indicating that it is not only due to differences in the number of plasma cells produced. The variability vanishes only when the decay curves are normalized by their logarithmic range (Figure 1B)...
The created and merged Seurat object incorporated 49,333 cells and 32,738 features. Firstly, in order to obtain high-quality data on single-cell RNA expression, the following filtering standard was established: 1. exclusion of genes with expression lower than five counts in one cell; 2. ...
In an immune response, which type of cells secrete antibodies? (a) Macrophages (b) Cytotoxic T-cells (c) Plasma cells (d) Helper T-cells. Humoral and Cellular Immunity: Acquired immunity is mediated by a specialized immune syste...
Plasma cells are key to the immune response because they secrete antibodies. Given that antibodies are made of protein which membrane-enclosed cell organelle would you expect the plasma cells to have in abundance? Why? The most abundant molecule present in blood plasma is: a. proteins called alb...
The beneficial effect of PRP on the meniscus repair failure rate is supported by prior basic science research, because an in vitro and animal study of PRP found the therapy to increase the concentration of various growth factors and upregulate the viability of meniscal cells [8, 14, 39]. Many...
Age-matched naive cohorts served as control for natural IgM cells. Natural IgM cells produce natural IgM antibodies, which are constantly present in the serum and provide an early, polyreactive response against pathogens12. To assess longevity, we first immunized mice with hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl...
cells are enriched with high inflammation, IFNG, IgG expression, and self-identified Black race (a–d). Dashed horizontal and vertical lines indicate the median for tertiary lymphoid structure activity and plasma cells, respectively.χ2P-values are all two-sided. Abbreviation: IFNG interferon gamma...