Orchidaceae(orchids). Other prominent monocot families includeLiliaceae(lilies),Arecaceae(palms), andIridaceae(irises). Most of them are distinguished by the presence of only one seed leaf, orcotyledon, in the embryo contained in theseed. Eudicotyledons, in contrast, ordinarily have two cotyledons...
Gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule—unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally ‘naked seeds’) are borne in c
Second, you’ll learnwhythings should be measured. It’s not just to expand the amount of information we have, though that’s valuable in and of itself. Instead, measurements help us understand what’s different about two subjects so we can proceed to uncover why and how that difference oc...
These two Tertiary relict Liriodendron species have been suggested to have diverged during the middle to late Miocene7,9, a reflection of range restrictions resulting from extinctions in the late Cenozoic10. Moreover, this pair of species is a perfect verification of the second prediction of the ...
All tomato (S. lycopersicum) lines used in this study were derived from cultivar M82 (LA3475). The S. pennellii line used was LA0716. Seeds were surface sterilized in 70% (v/v) ethanol for 5 min followed by 50% (v/v) commercial bleach for 20 min and three washes with sterile...
ensuring germination can occur when growth conditions are optimal. Seeds therefore allow plants to disperse the next generation through both space and time. With such evolutionary advantages, seed plants have become the most successful and familiar group of plants, in part because of their size and...
Flavonoids are transported from the site of biosynthesis (ER) into the central vacuole. Two potential flavonoid transport routes have been proposed: (1) transport across the tonoplast mediated by membrane-bound transport proteins and (2) vesicle-mediated transport with or without an involvement of th...
Additionally, several densities have remained unassigned, including that for a putative new subunit whose identity could not be determined9,10,11. Moreover, sequences involved in SC I + III2 formation in O. aries and T. thermophila (for example, from NDUB4 and NDUB9) are missing in ...
Seeds are sown on spectinomycin-containing medium. Seedlings that inherited paternal plastids display green (spectinomycin-resistant) sectors31.b, Physical maps of the maternal (wild-type, WT) and paternal (transplastomic, ptGFP) plastid genomes. The paternal plastid genome harbours two transgenes:...
(20 μl volume) was performed on samples from six plants whose pods putatively required more hand force than wild type to shatter upon plant senescence. For the PCR, the following two primers were used, which amplified a 679 base pair fragment containing the protospacer location where the ...