Hornworts are the only land plants with a pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanism. This study presents evidence that some of the key components in algal pyrenoid-based CO2-concentrating mechanisms are conserved in hornworts and probably serve similar functions. ...
Finally, the N terminus of PsaA is largely unstructured in pre-PSI-1 and forms a short two-turn helix (residues 31–40). In the mature PSI, this helix is replaced by a loop motif followed by an ordered N terminus stabilized mainly by interactions with Lhca3 (Extended Data Fig. 3). ...
reproduction has been widespread among people who had an interest in seed or fruit production, that is, farmers and gardeners, and even among country children who noticed that some holly trees do not produce berries (they are male plants) or paid attention to the different forms of primrose ...
The first line of plant defense against attack by pathogens is structural resistance, conditioned by the anatomical structure of the plant. The cell wall, made of polysaccharide (cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin) and non-polysaccharide (lignin) polymers and structural proteins and enzymes [1], co...
Bioactive polysaccharides such as rhamnose and galacturonic acid belong to the class carbohydrates found in A. esculantus (okra) and reportedly have biological functions in the body [111]. Another study [112] reported compounds like pectin, guar gum, and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) add good ...
and acute and subchronic toxicity in rats. The presence of many functional metabolites in tea flowers indicates that tea flowers possess diverse biological functions, which are mostly related to catechins, polysaccharides, and saponins. Finally, we discuss the potential for, and challenges facing, fut...
Zeaxanthin-dependent quenching (qZ) relies on zeaxanthin and is activated within tens of minutes; this process likely forms in the antenna of PSII at those xanthophyll binding sites, which are slowly converted to zeaxanthin (Nilkens et al.2010). Sustained quenching (qH) is a very slow component...
1d). Because TYLCV is a ssDNA virus that is converted to dsDNA inside the plant cell nucleus, interference with TYLCV replication by targeting the IR within replicating viral dsDNA should significantly reduce the accumulation of both the ssDNA and dsDNA forms. To test for interference with TYLCV ...
Based on the frequency of the intermediary forms and results from phylogenetic analyses, we propose a three-step hypothesis in the evolution of VRN2 from a parental EMF2 following gene duplication (Figure 5A). In the first step, EMF2 loses the N-ter cap, resulting in Intermediary molecule #1...
Although many studies have shown that microbes can ectopically stimulate or suppress plant immune responses, the fundamental question of whether the entire preexisting microbiota is indeed required for proper development of plant immune response remains