Plant cell walls are highly dynamic and chemically complex structures surrounding all plant cells. They provide structural support, protection from both abiotic and biotic stress as well as ensure containment of turgor. Recently evidence has accumulated that a dedicated mechanism exists in plants, which...
Common features of plant cell walls that enable them to bind trace metals Plant CWs are rich in compounds, which are able to bind divalent and trivalent metal cations. Polysaccharides play a crucial role in TM binding and accumulation in the CW, although other compounds such as proteins, amino...
Multicellular photosynthetic eukaryotic organisms containing chlorophylls a and b and carotenoids and forming true starch; chlorophyll contained in stacks of membranes (grana) within chloroplasts; cellulosic cell walls; aerial tissues covered with a waxy cuticle and provided with openings (stomata) in the...
Amino sugars are useful microbial biomarkers because they are found in abundance in microbial cell walls, but are not produced by higher plants and soil animals19. Moreover, amino sugars can provide information on the microbial source of necromass. For example, glucosamine (Glu) is produced ...
If these expressed genes are translated into active enzymes, then phasmids can theoretically break plant cell walls into their monomer components independently of microbial symbionts. The differential gene expression between the two midgut sections provides the first molecular hints as to their function ...
Most plant cell walls are basically composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectin, and some often contain polymers such as lignin [34]. During stress, plants deploy a sophisticated immune system through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which are biosynthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and...
A 3D object may also be represented by a 3D array of cells, in which each cell (voxel) contains two possible values, indicating whether a voxel is occupied by the object or not. The most commonly used methods which result in such a representation are shape estimation methods [96] like Sh...
Finally, epidermal cell walls may also contain suberin and lignin. The penetration of pathogens into parenchymatous tissues is facilitated by the breakdown of the internal cell walls, which consist of cellulose, pectins, hemicelluloses, and structural proteins, and of the middle lamella, which ...
Cornuault V, Buffetto F, Rydahl MG, Marcus SE, Torode TA, Xue J, Crepeau MJ, Faria-Blanc N, Willats WG, Dupree P, Ralet MC, Knox JP. Monoclonal antibodies indicate low-abundance links between heteroxylan and other glycans of plant cell walls. Planta. 2015;242(6):1321-34....
The mechanisms by which plant genotype influences the microbiome are still being elucidated, but genetic studies to date suggest that plant genes related to disease resistance, cell walls, and root hair structure may contribute [81,82,83,84]. The amount of variation explained by genotype in our...