(Hodgson et al., 2010). Other phenotypical characteristics of large genomes, are an increased cell size and slowmitotic activityrelative to small genome species. Variation in genome size is found not only within genera, but also within a species. For instance, variation within the nuclearDNA ...
Cell Wall- Rigid structure surrounding plant cells, not present in animal cells. Middle lamella- protein rich cement between adjacent plant cell walls. Primary Cell Wall- earliest created cell walls - usually thin - found in young growing cells. Secondary Cell Wall- Formed in older cells as par...
The structural integrity of living plant cells heavily relies on the plant cell wall containing a nanofibrous cellulose skeleton. Hence, if synthetic plant cells consist of such a cell wall, they would allow for manipulation into more complex synthetic p
Crh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in fungal cell walls. Here, we show that the BcCrh1 protein from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea acts as a cytoplasmic effector and elicitor of plant defense. BcCrh1 is localize
Active transport requires an energy source to drive a substrate across a cell membrane against its concentration gradient and is traditionally divided into primary and secondary active transport. Primary active transporters are driven by redox potential, light energy or chemical energy often in the form...
In the past few years, there has been an explosion in single-cell transcriptomics datasets, yet in vivo confirmation of these datasets is hampered in plants due to lack of robust validation methods. Likewise, modeling of plant development is hampered by
The nucleotide content can vary greatly, depending on the growth rate of the cell; surplus P can be stored as polyphosphates (Harold 1966; Stewart and Tiessen 1987). When comparing the nutrient stoichiometry of soils, microbial biomass, Pmic appears to be closely linked to overall microbial ...
(Fig.3B, C). It was reported that CLE signals intersect with WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX (WOX) functions and play a role in stem cell maintenance together [37,38,39]. CLV is closely related to the formation of the shoot apical meristem (SAM), and a molecular network called the CLAVATA (...
Amino sugars are useful microbial biomarkers because they are found in abundance in microbial cell walls, but are not produced by higher plants and soil animals19. Moreover, amino sugars can provide information on the microbial source of necromass. For example, glucosamine (Glu) is produced ...
we do not yet know the relative amounts of the xylan bound to the hydrophilic vs hydrophobic surfaces of the fibrils. Moreover, the proportion of hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces on the cellulose microfibril structure is not yet known. In the secondary cell walls of eudicots, the ratio bet...