reserved 0032-3896/14 www.nature.com/pj ORIGINAL ARTICLE Polymer foam-reinforced hydrogels inspired by plant body frameworks as high-performance soft matter Naozumi Teramoto, Ousuke Shigehiro, Yoshihisa Ogawa,
Biodegradable moulded bodies based on natural plant or animal fibres comprise 99-50 wt.% fibres and 1-50 wt.% pretreated potato pulp. The particles of the potato pulp are comminuted to average particle size less than 350 microns during the pretreatment. The values in wt.% are based on amt...
Plant collectionsare essential components of systematic research. Collections generally consist of samples of plants that are preserved by drying or by means of liquid preservation. They may also include live plants orpropagulestaken from the wild and grown in an artificial environment. Collections of ...
The cotyledons in the embryo are made up of thin-walled parenchyma cells filled with oil- and protein bodies [65]. For soybeans, the spermoderm start with a layer of palisade cells (closely packed, vertically elongated cells). The colour of the palisade cells gives the colour to the ...
Figure 8. Representative spores and fruiting bodies of the fungal-like oomycetes and of the main groups of fungi. Reproduced from Agrios GN (2005) Plant Pathology, 5th edn., p. 389. Burlington, MA: Elsevier/Academic Press. Reproduction Fungi reproduce primarily by means of spores (Figures 4...
(PKS) encoding genes within theptaBGC consist of one loading module and seven extender modules, which are sequentially extended to form a linear polyketide chain by ketosynthase (KS) domain, acyltransferase (AT) domain, acyl carrier protein (ACP), with additional ketoreductase (KR), dehydratase ...
Birds and Lepidoptera don’t groom pollen from their bodies and don’t collect it. In the authors terms, this “suggests pollinator-mediated selection on pollen packaging strategies.” Since flowers pollinated by bees lose much of their pollen in the process, they present it in smaller packages...
Furthermore, the application of 5 μg/ml ginseng-derived nanovesicles has been shown to counteract UVB-induced melanocyte senescence, characterized by flattening and enlargement of cell bodies with an increase in spindle-shaped cells [84]. The prevention of UV-induced aging holds tremendous potential...
Upon red light irradiation, biologically active Pfr form of phyB translocate into the nucleus to form nuclear bodies with COP1, SPAs, PIFs and BBX4. These molecular events trigger the repression of E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of COP1-SPA complex, the phosphorylation, ubiquitination and degradation...
Besides the nucleus, cytoplasm also contains genetic information that is located in subcellular bodies (organelles) such as chloroplast and mitochondria. Thus, somatic hybridization is the simplest way to combine the genetic information of two cells through fusion of their protoplasts. The resulting prod...