The use of machinery and mechanical aids is, today, general in flour confectionery establishments because of the increasing number of machines available, designed to help in the production of all normal articles of production in both small and large bakeries.doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6690-5_26...
Being heterotrophs, bacteria and mammals possess the enzymatic machinery necessary to achieve a complete mineralization of organic molecules; bacterial and mammalian degradative enzymes can therefore be used to complement the metabolic capabilities of plants [1]. Historically, transgenic plants for ...
According to this definition, 53 naturally occurring metals have been classified as heavy metals. At high concentrations, heavy metals are all toxic to plants, but some of them, e.g., zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu), are essential nutrients at low concentrations, and some others,...
Under continuous exposure to stresses (both biotic and abiotic), the priming of plants by biostimulants offers a novel way to regulate or modify different physiological processes that influence growth and development activities in plants. Stimulation of plant defence machinery is currently being explored...
2.1. Definition of Systemic and Non-Systemic Endophytes In 2011, Botella et al. classified endophytes into two categories, systemic and non-systemic endophytes, based on factors such as phylogenetic relationships, metabolic potential, physiological characteristics, and modes of transmission [37]. Systemic...
In this point of view, three terms “salt”, “saline”, and “Na+” were used interchangeably in the review to indicate the salinity. 2. Adverse Effects of Salinity on Plants 2.1. Na+ Accumulation, Nutrients Uptake Inhibition, and Plant Growth Reduction Under salt stress, Na+ is ...
An RNAi-based control of Fusarium graminearum infections through spraying of long dsRNAs involves a plant passage and is controlled by the fungal silencing machinery. PLoS Pathog. 2016, 12, e1005901. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 127. Wang, M.; Weiberg, A.; Lin, F.-M.; Thomma, B.P.; Huang...
In addition to their antioxidant action, the inhibition of cancer development by phenolic compounds relies on a number of basic cellular mechanisms, involving a spectrum of cellular basic machinery. Moreover, the extensive studies of this class of compounds will provide clues about their possible ...
4. BiotiTpcrhoEisdlbuicrcoietadodbresyr definition includes substances of pathogenic origin (exogenous elicitors) and plants after the action of the pathogen (endogenous elicitors) [28,30,31]. compounds The terTmhe aeplipcliitcoatriown oafsbioortiicgeilnicaitlolyrs,uthsaetdis,ftohrosme ooflbe...
Measuring equipment for steam temperature, pressure, and mass flow is mounted on heat exchanger connecting pipes, before and after heat exchanger body (steam and condensate measuring equipment). Air heater tubes are mounted under the slope of 7◦, in relation to the horizontal plane, because ...