The use of machinery and mechanical aids is, today, general in flour confectionery establishments because of the increasing number of machines available, designed to help in the production of all normal articles of production in both small and large bakeries.doi:10.1007/978-1-4757-6690-5_26...
2. Systemic and Non-Systemic Endophytes 2.1. Definition of Systemic and Non-Systemic Endophytes In 2011, Botella et al. classified endophytes into two categories, systemic and non-systemic endophytes, based on factors such as phylogenetic relationships, metabolic potential, physiological characteristics, ...
In this point of view, three terms “salt”, “saline”, and “Na+” were used interchangeably in the review to indicate the salinity. 2. Adverse Effects of Salinity on Plants 2.1. Na+ Accumulation, Nutrients Uptake Inhibition, and Plant Growth Reduction Under salt stress, Na+ is ...
During evolution, plants have faced countless stresses of both biotic and abiotic nature developing very effective mechanisms able to perceive and counteract adverse signals. The biggest challenge is the ability to fine-tune the trade-off between plant g
Figure 1.Experimental set-up in the nursery showing seedlings growth under control and treatment groups (A), symptoms of infections in the control group (B) and the healthy seedlings inBacillus velezensisCE 100 treatment (C). The most common control interventions have relied on the application of...
Both stresses cause the over-production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells [100], which lead to oxidative damage of macromolecules and photosynthetic machinery [101,102]. As with other stress factors, plants respond to the effects of drought and/or heat stresses by ...
[47], and that it is difficult to establish a specific time point when early defence responses end, it has been proposed that 48 hpi would indicate the moment of transition when the plant reprograms its transcriptional machinery mainly towards redox and defence processes, fully accepting that ...
4. BiotiTpcrhoEisdlbuicrcoietadodbresyr definition includes substances of pathogenic origin (exogenous elicitors) and plants after the action of the pathogen (endogenous elicitors) [28,30,31]. compounds The terTmhe aeplipcliitcoatriown oafsbioortiicgeilnicaitlolyrs,uthsaetdis,ftohrosme ooflbe...
Disasters are often attributable to the unsafe state of machinery, equipment, or the environment, dangerous behaviors of the operator, and the lack of a thorough management system. It is anticipated that the investigation and analysis of the accident would not only find the real cause of the ...
An RNAi-based control of Fusarium graminearum infections through spraying of long dsRNAs involves a plant passage and is controlled by the fungal silencing machinery. PLoS Pathog. 2016, 12, e1005901. [CrossRef] [PubMed] 127. Wang, M.; Weiberg, A.; Lin, F.-M.; Thomma, B.P.; Huang...