The trap of the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) cannot snap shut and activate the digestive process under diethyl ether (DE) anaesthesia. Mechanical stimulation of trigger hair in the carnivorous plant Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula) induces increased intracellular calcium level [Ca...
Avirulent of plant pathogens might be under three cases (1) Avirulent cannot colonize the plant, (2) Avirulent elicit the hypersensitivity reaction (HR), (3) Virulent harbor the Avr gene (Surico, 2013). Manyelicitorsand effectors were produced through invading the host plant by an incompatible...
Crh proteins catalyze crosslinking of chitin and glucan polymers in fungal cell walls. Here, we show that the BcCrh1 protein from the phytopathogenic fungus Botrytis cinerea acts as a cytoplasmic effector and elicitor of plant defense. BcCrh1 is localize
Within the past few years studies of the morphology and function of membranes have increased almost exponentially. Books and reviews discussing the biochemistry of membranes, the biochemical and biophysical properties of cell surfaces, the molecular organization of membranes, the organization of energy tra...
Rapid and robust methods are needed in plants to corroborate or identify the tissue of origin for single-cell clusters but also generally speed up the workflow of in situ hybridization. RNA-FISH based on hybridization chain reaction (HCR) has been designed, tested, and optimized in animal ...
1a)18. Particle counting with a nanoparticle analyser revealed that treatment with the plant ceramides increased the amounts of EVs and animal-type ceramides (d18:1/C18:0) in supernatants from the cultured cells (Fig. 1b), whereas treatment with GlcCer, either plant or animal, had no ...
The fluorescence signals were detected under a Zeiss LSM 800 laser-scanning confocal microscope 24 h after transformation. Cell fractionation assay The assay was performed as described previously (Liu et al. 2021). Protein extracts were prepared in homogenization buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.4, ...
Increasing demand for high-value fish species and pressure on forage fish is challenging aquaculture to ensure sustainable growth by replacing protein sources in aquafeeds with plant and terrestrial animal proteins, without compromising the economic value and quality of the final fish product. In the ...
For fluorescence microscopy, the bacterial cells were reconstituted using a 20% glycerol solution, mounted with a coverslip, and viewed using a microscope (ProgRes C10 plus with Intensilight C-HGFI, Nikon, Japan) with and without a filter at 570 nm. Macrophage cell The RAW 264.7 murine ...
The features of malignant cancers are fundamentally different: (1) rapid growth with no sharp defined tumor borders, (2) low cell and tissue differentiation with many mitotic cells visible in the microscope, (3) neoangiogenesis, (4) destructive invasion into surrounding normal tissues and formation...