See Supplementary Table 3 for detailed comparison statistics. No asterisk = not significant, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01. Full size image The LPP is an electroencephalogram (EEG) derived event-related brain potential (ERP) response that measures millisecond changes in the neural activity...
b.An inactive substance or preparation used as a control in an experiment or test to determine the effectiveness of a medicinal drug. 2.Something of no intrinsic remedial value that is used to appease or reassure another. 3.(plä-chā′bō)Roman Catholic ChurchThe service or office of vespe...
In1834,Louisarticulatedfurtherguidancetofollowregarding studydesign. –thenumberofsubjectsrequiredtoshowbenefitofonetreatmentover another;(samplesize) –Theneedtoobservediseaseprogressaccuratelyintreatedand controlledgroups;(endpoint) –theneedtodefinepreciselydiseasestatebeforethe experiment;(inclusioncriteria) –...
to further assess effects on regions associated with nociception, we tested effects of placebo, stimulus intensity, and their interaction in a set of seven a priori brain regions associated with nociception (six of which were pre-registered, see “Methods” section; for full statistics see Table...
Sign in or start your free trial.JoVE Science Education Experimental Psychology A subscription to JoVE is required to view this content.DEMUXER_ERROR_COULD_NOT_OPEN: FFmpegDemuxer: open context failedChapters Languages 0:00Overview 1:16Experimental Design 2:23Running the Experiment 4:44Representative...
In other words, ‘ceteris paribus’ may not apply as all things are not always equal during replication studies. Similarly, individual differences that are outliers or extreme values during a study (e.g. positive benefit from placebo) can be ‘explained away’ with statistics because statistics ...
This study is designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Elian Granules in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter manner. This trial may not only provide evidence for a phase III clinical trial, but also an alternative option for the treatment of chronic atrophic gastriti...
Statistics and reproducibility Statistical analysis was performed using R v.4.0.3 (The R Project for Statistical Computing). All values are reported as mean ± s.e.m. Statistical significance was tested using two-sided Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, two-sided Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank tes...
Descriptive statistics of the performance data are summarized in Fig. 2. Uncertainty modulates learning rate parameters of the reinforcement-learning model. To investigate the possible impact of our placebo manipulations on the learning rates, we fitted a computational reinforcement- learning model ...
Frequentist methods were complemented using Bayesian statistics to compare the evidence in favor of the null hypothesis with that in favor of the alternative hypothesis. We computed the Bayesian statistic BF10 (Bayes factor in favor of the alternative hypothesis over the null hypothesis) using the Jef...