Afterwards, GoldfinchesCarduelis carduelisalso licked up the sap from the same spot. We hypothesize that both species take advantage of the antiseptic nature ofPinaceaesap.doi:10.1515/isspar-2015-0026Zbigniew KwiecińskiZoological Garden Poznan, Browarna 25, 61-063 Poznań, PolandPaulina Pawlak...
Some authors have found that when increasing temperature, porosity also increases because of the removal of volatile matter, leading to an increase in surface area when using pine sawdust49. On the other hand, at temperatures ranging between 300 and 400 °C, tars are formed that, when ...
Silva Carelica 15:101–120 Čermák J, Kučera J, Penka M (1976) Improvement of the method of sap flow rate determination in adult trees based on heat balance with direct electric heating of xylem. Biol Plant 18:105–110 Čermák J, Kučera J, Nadezhdina N (2004) Sap flow ...
The type and spatial pattern of needle removal has previously been demonstrated to cause spatially different growth responses within pine trees23,24 and could potentially be the cause of different responses of the pine trees to clipping and sawfly defoliation in this study. At present we cannot ...
In May, after removal of the bark, the perimeter of each trap log was divided into two equal parts, upper and lower (Figure 1C). As a result of the division of a stem lengthwise (into units) and laterally (into an upper and lower part), 20 sections (j) were obtained. It was ...
We hypothesized that N would be immobilized due to the addition of thinning residues, but removal of the majority of residues at SWP left the forest floor comparable to the controls. Thinning only did not alter our microbial populations in either the forest floor or mineral soil, and there ...
Drying at 60 ◦C removes the water from the inner pores of the material, while an increase in the temperature to 100 and 140 ◦C also leads to the removal of the volatile components, increasing the volume of the pores. The pressure reduces the volume of the pores (both external and ...
The paste used was a resin stimulant commercial formulation composed of CEPA (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid, an ethylene-releasing compound), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and inert components, which was applied to the trunk, after bark streak removal as previously described [14]. 2.2. Resin Tapping ...
Article Maximizing the Use of Out-of-Grade Hybrid Pine in Engineered Wood Products: Bond Performance, the Effect of Resin Streaking, Knots, and Pith Rebecca Cherry 1,2, Warna Karunasena 1,* and Allan Manalo 1 1 Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, ...
Finally, these instantaneous measurements were converted to units of sap flux in liters per day. Sapwood area for all trees in this study was assumed to be the cross sectional area at probe height minus bark thickness, due to the fact that the trees were eight years old at the end of ...