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short version is that OMNH 1123, the holotype specimen of the giant allosauridSaurophaganax maximus, does not definitely belong to a theropod and may actually belong to a sauropod, and the same goes for some of the referred material, namely the atlas and chevrons. Since neither...
These long cervical ribs are ossified tendons of ventral neck muscles, presumably longus colli ventralis. We know they’re ossified tendons because of their bone histology (Klein et al. 2012), and we suspect that they’re longus colli ventralis because those tendons look the same in birds, jus...
Basically these are muscles, joints and tendons, which undergo changes in position when a person touches an object or surface. For example, when a person presses a finger into a cake to see if it is cooked, the position of the muscles, tendons and joints of that finger vary with the ...
photographing birds in flight. As the focal length gets longer, so do the shoulder tendons. The symptoms are sharp, as in sharp pain. A secondary shoulder injury comes from carrying said lenses over the shoulder for transport, causing compression types of injuries to muscles, ligaments and ...
Epipophyses are muscle attachment points dorsal to the postzygapophyses, for the insertion of long, multi-segment epaxial (dorsal) neck muscles in birds and other dinosaurs. I know that they turn up occasionally in non-dinosaurian archosaurs, and possibly in other amniotes, but for the purp...
These long cervical ribs are ossified tendons of ventral neck muscles, presumably longus colli ventralis. We know they’re ossified tendons because of their bone histology (Klein et al. 2012), and we suspect that they’re longus colli ventralis because those tendons look the same in birds, jus...
vertebrae of sauropods made them functionally intermediate between crocs (huge neural spines, no epipophyses) and birds (small or nearly nonexistent neural spines, big epipophyses). Perhaps most titanosaurs reverted to a more croc-like arrangement with most of the long epaxial neck muscles ...
Birds make it easier to move their legs by lightening them: shifting the muscles proximally and operating the legs via tendons. (I assume that if we could see the behind the feathers of the flamingo, we’d see a similar, though smaller, “drumstick” at the top of the tibiotarsus.) Li...
On the other hand, a Morrison Formation rebbachisaurid would be a big deal for two reasons. First, because it would be the only known North American rebbachisaur — all the others we know are from South America, Africa and Europe. And second, because it would be, by some ten million...