Objective To derive the paternity index (PI) calculation formula of the alleged father (AF) when the AF is a relative (parent/child, siblings, grandparent/grandchild, uncle/nephew, first cousins) of the child's biological mother. Methods For the case when the AF is relate...
1/2p,1/p+q,1/2p+2q.This article reports a new PI calculating method in case of paternity testing of alleged parents.Compared with other methods,the new method for calculating Y value either considering random man and random female or considering the alleged father(mother)and random female(...
Teaching MethodsMr. A. M. Cohen in his article (The Mathematical Gazette, LIII, Feb. 1969, p. 41) makes some suggestions for school work in numerical methods and number theory. These prompt me to describe some work actually done in which, for reasons which will appear, the emphasis is ...
There are many methods to calculate π, here is a simple one developed by Madhava of Sangamagrama around 1360: π4 = 1 − 13 + 15 − 17 + ... It goes on for ever and needs a lot of calculation for just a little accuracy, but Madhava also figured out a way to correct the ...
2, the calculation methods and ideas can lead to new concepts and ideas. Although computers are faster than any one can imagine, mathematicians need to compile programs to guide computers to correct them. In fact, when we divide the computational history of PI into an electronic computer, it ...
. For Bellard the calculation was more for fun than because of an obsession with the digits, but he said that arbitrary-precision arithmetic has applications because it can be used for testing algorithms and computers. He claims his method is about 20 times more efficient than previous methods....
The invention of calculus soon led to the calculation of hundreds of digits of π, enough for all practical scientific computations. Nevertheless, in the 20th and 21st centuries, mathematicians and computer scientists have pursued new approaches that, when combined with increasing computational power, ...
The calculation of pi More than a millennia and a half ago, Zu brought to the world many of its first inventions and discoveries. His lasting legacy, however, would be a feat that was not to be surpassed for 800 years; the calculation of pi to seven decimal places, somewhere between 3.1...
Circular Area calculation and pi calculation demonstration device Mathematics teaching aids Size:25*48m Magnetic suction Non magnetic suction Dropshipping! Shipping methods:China post air mail normally will take :free 15-55daysEpackage:15-35days.Aliexpress:15-35days.If you need it urgently,there'...
In basic mathematics, pi is used to find the area and circumference of a circle. Pi can be used to find an area by multiplying the radius of the circle squared times pi. So, to find the area of a circle with a radius of 3 centimeters, the calculation would be π3^2 = 28.27 cm....